How Plants Harness Energy

What describes the conversion of ADP to ATP?

• an input of energy to attach a third phosphate group

• an input of energy as both phosphate groups detach

• release of energy as one phosphate group detaches

• a release of energy as a third phosphate group is attached

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Stuart is listing the changes to matter and energy that occur during the process of photosynthesis. Which of these examples should he include in his list?

• changes that convert light energy into chemical energy stored in carbohydrates

• changes that convert chemical energy into heat and light

• nuclear changes that convert hydrogen and oxygen into carbon

• chemical changes that convert carbohydrates into smaller molecules.

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Nancy is explaining why chlorophyll is classified as a plant pigment and how it is useful in photosynthesis. Which property of chlorophyll would be most appropriate for her to cite?

• chlorophyll’s reactivity with oxygen

• chlorophyll’s ability to absorb light

• chlorophyll’s green color

• chlorophyll’s presence in chloroplasts

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Yasmine is asked to describe the structural organization of chloroplasts. She writes the following sentence: “A chloroplast contains thylakoid stacks, called stroma, that are surrounded by fluid-filled grana.” Which change to the sentence is necessary to make the sentence accurate?

• Exchange the positions of “stroma” and “grana.”

• Exchange the positions of “thylakoid” and “stroma.”

• Replace “grana” with “chlorophyll.”

• Replace “stroma” with “chlorophyll.”

Xavier is describing the role of electron carriers, such as NADP⁺, in photosynthesis. Which property of NADP⁺ should Xavier cite?

• its reactivity with oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide

• its ability to emit a stream of electrons in a nuclear reaction

• the chemical bonds formed by electrons in its molecular structure

• its ability to accept and release high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion

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What best describes the role of light in the overall process of photosynthesis?

• Light provides the energy for breaking apart sugars into small molecules.

• Light accepts the energy that is released by small molecules.

• Light accepts the energy that is released by sugars.

• Light provides the energy for assembling small molecules into sugars.

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By analyzing this equation, which property of photosynthesis can be identified?

• the identities and roles of electron carriers

• the chemical changes that occur during the light-independent reactions

• the chemical changes that occur during the light-dependent reactions

• the source of carbon atoms in the carbohydrate product

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1. During photosynthesis, what best describes the role of the compound with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆?

• a reactant that is useful because of its high-energy chemical bonds

• a product that is not useful because of its low-energy chemical bonds

• a product that is useful because of its high-energy chemical bonds

• either a product or a reactant, depending on whether the cell needs to store energy or release energy

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What best describes the roles of photosystem I and photosystem II in the process of photosynthesis?

• They absorb sunlight and transfer the energy to electrons.

• They form ATP as hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membrane.

• They absorb sunlight and distribute the energy as heat.

• They transfer electrons from a series of intermediates to form NADPH.

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Which is the role of the electron transport chain in the process of photosynthesis?

• adding energy to the electrons that enter photosystem

• carrying electrons from photosystem II, to photosystem I, to NADP⁺

• removing electrons from the chloroplast

• cycling electrons between photosystem I and photosystem II