Unit 1 Chapter 3 Review: Ecosystem Dynamics

Only about 0.024% of Earth's vast water supply is available to humans and other species as liquid fresh water.

• True

• False

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Despite the open ocean’s low net primary productivity (NPP), it produces more of Earth’s stored chemical energy per year than any other ecosystem or life zone.

• True

• False

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Plants utilize a portion of their gross primary productivity (GPP) for cellular respiration.

• True

• False

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What accounts for the fact that very little energy is actually transferred from one link in a food chain to the next link?

• Most energy is lost as heat during metabolic processes.

• All energy is stored in the organisms' bodies.

• Energy is created at each link in the food chain.

• Energy is not required for survival.

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Gross primary productivity (GPP) is different from net primary productivity (NPP) because:

• GPP is the total amount of energy captured by producers, while NPP is the energy remaining after respiration.

• GPP is the energy remaining after respiration, while NPP is the total energy captured by producers.

• GPP and NPP are the same and can be used interchangeably.

• GPP is the energy used by consumers, while NPP is the energy used by producers.

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With respect to energy consumption, the diet of an herbivore is primarily more efficient than the diet of a carnivore because:

• herbivores obtain energy directly from plants, reducing energy loss through trophic levels

• carnivores have faster metabolisms than herbivores

• herbivores eat more frequently than carnivores

• carnivores store more energy as fat than herbivores

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Humans cultivate plants that house bacteria in soil to convert ammonia and ammonium ions to _____________________.

• nitrate, nitrate ions

• nitrite, nitrite ions

• oxygen, oxygen ions

• phosphate, phosphate ions

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Primary consumers and producers are two examples of ____________________ levels, a way to classify living organisms based on their source of nutrients.

• trophic

• genetic

• climatic

• behavioral

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As solar energy interacts with carbon dioxide, water vapor, and several other gases in the troposphere, it warms the troposphere—a process known as the ____________________ effect.

• greenhouse

• albedo

• coriolis

• ozone

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A sequence of organisms, each of which serves as a source of nutrients or energy for the next, is called a(n) ____________________.

• food chain

• habitat

• ecosystem

• population

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