Unit 4 AP Biology Review

Which of the following would NOT result in the inhibition of this pathway?

• A change in the shape of the receptor

• The presence of a competitive ligand

• Increase in hormone concentration

• Loss of second messenger production

Which part of the signaling pathway could consist of protein modification, second messenger production, amplification or a phosphorylation cascade?

• Reception

• Transduction

• Response

• All of these

The B-adrenergic receptor is important because...

• It serves as the only ligand receptor

• It produces a secondary messenger

• It is the ligand that activates the pathway

• It is the target molecule that stimulates gene expression

If MNK1 remained in its active state permanently, what would be the result?

• c-Myc would be unable to translate growth genes

• Cell growth and division will stop

• The phosphorylation cascade will stop

• Cell division will increase, leading to tumor formation

When GAP is unable to release a phosphate, what result occurs?

• Genes that lead to cancer are activated

• Normal signaling continues

• GTP is activated by GEF

• Genes that lead to tumor suppression are activated

Which of these explains why this pathway involves a negative feedback loop in a normal cell?

• As ERK increases, it inhibits RAS, stopping transduction

• As ERK increases, it increases RAS, continuing transduction

• Grb2 is removed from the receptor, stopping transduction

• RAS mutates, causing signal transduction to stop

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

This type of cell signaling will only be effective...

• over long distances (endocrine)

• when cells are in direct contact (juxtacrine)

• when responding to its own ligands (autocrine)

• if cells are nearby (paracrine)

Which receptor is responsible for the signaling pathway that leads to apoptosis?

• Delta/Serrate/Lag-2

• Frizzled

• TGF-B RI/RII

• Ptch

Which of these is an accurate response to increased glucose levels in the blood?

• Alpha cells release glucagon from the pancreas

• Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose

• Blood glucose levels rise back to homeostatic levels

• Beta cells in the pancreas release insulin

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

cAMP is an example of a...

• secondary messenger

• ligand

• receptor protein

• target cell