PS3-5 Kinetic Energy Transfer (Roller Coaster)

Two penguins are swimming in the ocean. The kinetic energy of each penguin depends on the penguin's mass and speed.

The king penguin's mass is ________the gentoo penguin's mass.

The king penguin's speed is________________the gentoo penguin's speed.

The king penguin's kinetic energy is____________the gentoo penguin's kinetic energy.

• half;the same;half

• two times; the same; half

• half;the same; two times

• two times; the same; two times

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Two boats are moving across a lake. The kinetic energy of each boat depends on the boat's mass and speed.

The kayak's mass is _______the canoe's mass.

The kayak's speed is_________the canoe's speed.

The kayak's kinetic energy is___________the canoe's kinetic energy.

• the same;half;one-fourth

• the same;two times;one-fourth

• the same;half; four times

• the same;two times;four times

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Select the graph that shows the correct relationship between kinetic energy and mass.

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Select the graph that shows the correct relationship between kinetic energy and speed.

Hint: If one object is moving at 2 times the speed of a second object and the objects have the same mass, then the first object has 4 times the kinetic energy of the second object.

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At an amusement park, a group of riders boarded a roller coaster train and sat down.

Once everyone was safely in their seats,

the ride operator flipped a switch, and

electricity flowed to a motor below the track.

The motor pulled the train forward and out

of the station.

Which of the following is better evidence that the train's kinetic energy changed?

• The train was stopped then it began to move forward and out of the station

• Electricity started flowing towards the motor when the ride operator flipped the switch

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At an amusement park, a group of riders

boarded a roller coaster train and sat down.

Once everyone was safely in their seats,

the ride operator flipped a switch, and

electricity flowed to a motor below the track.

The motor pulled the train forward

and out of the station.

The motor was used to convert _____ into ______

• electrical energy...kinetic energy

• kinetic energy...electrical energy

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During an energy transformation, the total amount of energy stays the same. So, when one type of energy decreases, at least one other type of energy will increase.

Read the passage about the next part of the ride. Think about how kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy changed. Keep in mind that increasing the distance between an object and Earth increases the gravitational potential energy stored between them.

As the train rushed down the hill the kinetic energy of the train _____and the Gravitational potential Energy stored between the train and Earth _________

• stayed the same;decreased

• increased;decreased

• decreased;increased

• increased;increased

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The roller coaster train slowly moved away from

the station and over the top of a tall hill.

As the train began to rush down the hill, the riders

felt like they were rising out of their seats!

The train sped up until the track flattened out at

the bottom of the hill.At the bottom, the riders felt like

they were being pushed down into their seats.

Consider the following claim:

As the train rushed down the hill, gravitational potential energy was converted into kinetic energy.

Which piece of evidence best supports the claim?

• The train kept moving when it reached the flat part of the track

• The people in the train felt like they were being pushed down at the bottom of the hill

• The speed of the train increased as the height of the train decreased

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Next, the roller coaster train went through

several turns and sped toward a shorter hill.

As the train rolled up the hill, it slowed down.

The train went over the top of the hill and

then sped up again as it raced down the

other side of the hill.

As the train went up the hill, _____ was converted into ____

As the train went down the hill _____ was converted into_____

• kinetic energy...gravitational potential energy; kinetic energy...gravitational potential energy

• gravitational potential energy...kinetic energy; kinetic energy...gravitational potential energy

• kinetic energy..gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential energy...kinetic energy

• gravitational potential energy...kinetic energy; gravitational potential energy...kinetic energy

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The roller coaster train went through

a final big turn and then headed back

toward the station.

The train slowed down as brakes on

the track squealed and heated up.

Once the train came to a stop in the

station, the riders stood up and left.

Match each claim with the evidence that supports it.

Claim 1: Kinetic Energy Decreased

Claim 2: Thermal Energy Increased

Claim 3: Sound Energy Increased

• 1 The train slowed down. 2 The brakes squealed. 3 The brakes heated up

• 1 The train slowed down.2 The brakes heated up 3 The brakes squealed.

• 1.The brakes heated up 2.The train slowed down. 3. The brakes squealed.

• 1 The brakes squealed. 2 The brakes heated up 3 The train slowed down.

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