A.P.E.S. Unit 2

Which kind of diversity allows species to adapt to and survive many changing environmental conditions?

• behavioral diversity

• genetic diversity

• species diversity

• ecosystem diversity

• community diversity

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Which species grows best with sunlight?

• Hickory

• Beech

• White Oak

• Sweet Gum

• None of the trees grow well in sunlight

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At which time after clear-cutting does the ecosystem exhibit

the greatest species richness?

• 40 years

• 75 years

• 120 years

• 200 years

• 250 years

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The theory of island biogeography suggests species richness is affected by which of the following?

I. Island distance from mainland

II. How the island was formed

III. the size of the island

• II and III

• I and II

• I and III

• I, II and III

Which of the following is NOT an ecological service provided by a freshwater ecosystem?

• boating and fishing

• flood control

• nutrient cycling

• groundwater recharge

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The gradual establishment of communities in lifeless areas where there is no soil is

• cyclic succession

• primary succession

• secondary succession

A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species.

If the pond is resampled a year later, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development?

• An uncommon species has become more numerous.

• An increase in low-tolerance species has occurred.

• The biodiversity of the pond has decreased.

• A decrease in high-tolerance species has occurred.

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The Chatham Island robin is a small endangered bird found in scrub forests off the coast of New Zealand. The robin is preyed upon by introduced species such as cats and rats. In 1980, the population decreased to only 5

individuals and every individual today is a descendant of a single female. Which of the following is best illustrated in the decline of the Chatham Island robins?

• carrying capacity

• population bottleneck

• population overshoot

• convergent evolution

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Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?

• A lizard's color becomes brown as it sits on a log.

• A bear goes into hibernation.

• plant loses its leaves in a drought.

• A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide

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The many finch species of the Galápagos Islands evolved from a single species that immigrated to the islands from the coast of South America. These species differ primarily in beak shape, which is closely related to the type of food each species specializes in eating.

Which of the following best explains why each of the finch species on the Galápagos Islands evolved to be specialists?

• Islands have limited food resources, forcing species to feed on a small range of food items.

• Climate on islands tends to be less variable than on the mainland, minimizing seasonal absences of food.

• Reduced competition from other bird species allows finch species to focus on specific food resources

• Food resources on islands are more plentiful and nutrient rich than on the mainland, leading to specialist behaviors in feeding

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