25 stars and the universe

Question 1 Which two elements are the most commonly found in the Sun?

• A hydrogen and oxygen
• B helium and carbon
• C hydrogen and helium
• D nitrogen and oxygen

Question 2 Light from distant galaxies appears red-shifted to observers on Earth. Which of the following ideas does this provide evidence for? 1. The Big Bang Theory 2. The Universe is expanding 3. Distant Galaxies are moving both towards us and away from us

• A 1 only
• B 1 and 2
• C 2 only
• D 1, 2 and 3

Question 3 Which of the following describes the lifecycle of a star about the size of the Sun?

• A interstellar hydrogen clouds → protostar → main sequence star → red supergiant → black hole
• B interstellar hydrogen clouds → planetary nebula → main sequence star → red giant → protostar→ white dwarf
• C interstellar hydrogen clouds → protostar → main sequence star → red giant → planetary nebula → white dwarf
• D interstellar hydrogen clouds → protostar → main sequence star → red supergiant → neutron star

Question 4 What does the constant 2.2 × 10⁻¹ s represent?

• A 1 light year
• B Red-shift
• C The CMBR
• D The Hubble constant

Question 5 Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does the Sun radiate most of its energy in?

• A radio, visible and gamma
• B infrared, visible and ultraviolet
• C infrared, X-rays and gamma
• D infrared, visible and gamma

Question 6 Which of the four possible shapes of galaxies shown could be the Milky Way?

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Question 7 Which is the best description of redshift?

• A Distant galaxies only emit light from the red end of the spectrum.
• B Only red light can reach Earth from very distant stars.
• C Stars in the Milky Way mostly emit light at the red end of the spectrum.
• D The light received from distant galaxies is moved towards the red end of the spectrum.

Question 8 How many years would it take light to travel from the centre of the Milky Way to the outer edge?

• A 500 years
• B 50 000 years
• C 100 000 years
• D 100 000 light years

Question 9 What is the process which makes stable stars such as the Sun shine, and which element produced in the reaction? process element

• A fusion oxygen
• B fission hydrogen
• C fusion helium
• D fission hydrogen

Question 10 Which of the following equations represents the age of the Universe?

• A t
• B H₀
• C v/d
• D d/v