Cellular Processes Exam

The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process. (a)   is another molecule that is a product of this process.

• DNA
• RNA
• C₆H₁₂O₆
• ATP

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Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals?

• Wax

• Nucleic acid

• Glucose

• Chlorophyll

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

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When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as —

• a tumor

• an embryo

• a gland

• an organ

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

• Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

• Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

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Which statement accurately describes the energy needs for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Solar energy is needed for cellular respiration but not for photosynthesis.

• Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

• Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for photosynthesis, and solar energy is needed for cellular respiration.

• Solar energy is needed for photosynthesis, and chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for cellular respiration.

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This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle. What do the two arrows represent?

• Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

• Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

• Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

• Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

Cells pass through a G₂ checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?

• So that another round of DNA synthesis does not have to take place

• So that the chromosomes can align at the metaphase plate during mitosis

• So that the cytoplasm can be divided equally between the two daughter cells

• So that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue growing

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Cyanide is a poison that limits the ability of an animal cell to manufacture ATP. In a cell containing a small amount of cyanide, which process would be least affected?

• movement

• cell division

• active transport

• diffusion

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle. Which part of the model represents the S phase?

• I

• II

• III

• IV