Fourth Grade Text Structure

Which type of text structure describes an issue and at least one way to solve it?

• Chronological
• Cause & Effect
• Problem & Solution
• Compare/Contrast

Some dogs and cats do not have homes. People started animal shelters to take care of these animals and solve the problem of homeless animals. At the shelters, dogs and cats get food and water. They get to play with other dogs and cats. Sometimes, people bring a lost animal to the shelter. Some of these dogs and cats get a new home! People come to animal shelters to get a new pet. what type of text structure is this?

• cause and effect
• description
• problem and solution
• compare and contrast

Which type of text structure answers the questions what happened and why?

• Chronological
• Cause & Effect
• Problem & Solution
• Compare/Contrast

Which type of text structure describes events in time order?

• Chronological
• Cause & Effect
• Problem & Solution
• Compare/Contrast

There are almost 400 different kinds of sharks. Each kind of shark looks different, has a unique
diet, and behaves differently. There are sharks in the four oceans of the world. Some sharks are longer 
than a school bus, while others are so small they can live in fish tanks. Sharks come in all kinds of colors. 
Most of the time, their skin color helps them blend in with their surroundings. But, some sharks that live 
in the deepest part of the ocean actually have parts that glow in the dark. Most sharks live in salt water, 
but some can live in fresh water.

• description
• sequence
• cause and effect
• problem and solution

Although they are sisters, Jennifer and Jessica are complete opposites. Jennifer enjoys playing sports, while Jessica would rather watch. Jennifer has no interest in playing a musical instrument, while Jessica is the first chair violinist. Jennifer listens to new age music, while Jessica prefers country. Jennifer’s favorite subject is English, and Jessica’s favorite is math. Jennifer likes to curl up in a chair on a rainy day and read a good book , but Jessica would rather sleep all day. No one would ever guess that they are actually twins.

• description
• cause and effect
• compare and contrast
• chronological

Frogs and toads can live in the water and on the land. They both catch food with long, sticky tongues. They eat insects and small animals. You can tell them apart by their bodies. Frogs have long, strong back legs and thin, moist skin. Toads have shorter back legs and drier skin. 

• problem and solution
• compare and contrast
• cause and effect
• description

The cardinal and the cedar waxwing are two common birds. Both have crests on their heads. Both are common at bird feeders. But the birds have some differences. The male cardinal is a bright red, while the waxwing is brown.  The cedar waxwing often migrates from place to place. On the other hand, the cardinal stays in one place year after year.

• Cause and Effect
• Problem and Solution
• Description
• Compare and Contrast

The twist is a dance inspired by rock and roll music.  To do the Twist, first stand with your feet approximately shoulder width apart.  The torso may be squared to the knees and hips, or turned at an angle so one foot is farther forward than the other.  Then, hold your arms out from your body, bent at your elbow.  Next, rotate your hips, torso, and legs as a single unit with your arms staying more or less stationary.  Every so often lift one leg off of the floor for styling.  Now you're doing the twist!

• sequence
• cause & effect
• compare & contrast
• problem & solution

Through the ages, Pennsylvania has seen many interesting events. The state was founded in 1681 by William Penn. Later, Pennsylvania was the site of important Revolutionary War battles between 1775 - 1783. After that, Pennsylvania was home to new factories during the Industrial Revolution which lasted until the early 1800s. Today, Pennsylvania continues to make history.

• Cause and Effect
• Chronological
• Sequence
• Compare and Contrast