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What is the text mainly about?

• the planets that orbit the sun

• why an object in the solar system is not a planet

• what the features of the solar system are

• the purpose of the International Astronomical Union

According to the text, what happened in 2006?

• Astronomers defined the requirements for an object to be called a planet.

• Astronomers discovered that Pluto had pushed nearby objects out of its path.

• Pluto was struck by a dwarf planet.

• Pluto's shape changed significantly.

Why does the author write "In other words"?

• to point out a difference between two concepts

• to introduce a new concept

• to argue against a concept

• to clarify a concept

First, read the definition of the word certain.

certain adj. v. 1. confident, 2. guaranteed, 3. particular, 4. constant

Then read this sentence from paragraph 1.

Each loop of soft tissue within the semicircular canals give a certain piece of information of the body's movement.

What definition best matches the meaning of the word certain as it is used in the sentence?

• confident

• guaranteed

• particular

• constant

What happens when the cilia move?

• The head turns.

• The inner ear changes shape.

• A nerve signal is sent to the brain.

• Air moves through the loops of the semicircular canals.

What would most likely signal a problem with a person's semicircular canals?

• The person's outer ear is swollen.

• The person feels unsteady when moving.

• The person cannot turn their head.

• The person yawns frequently.

What is the purpose of the essay?

• to convince students to cook more at home

• to convince students to eat healthier foods

• to convince school leaders to change the breakfast and lunch menus

• to convince school leaders to offer cooking classes

What does the student writer indicate about school meals?

• Students do not like them.

• They are not convenient.

• Students do not have time to eat them.

• They are not nutricious.

Why does the student writer mention an elementary school in paragraph 3?

• to show how enjoyable health class was as a young child

• to connect cooking classes to ideas previously learned

• to describe a favorite childhood meal

• to explain why some students eat unhealthy foods

What idea from paragraph 3 contradicts a claim from paragraph 1?

• Students will do better in school if they eat well.

• Students often choose the foods they eat out of convenience.

• Students can buy healthy foods on the go.

• Students will make healthy food choices if they know how to cook.