Eyewitness Testimony social and ethical

What did the Devlin Committee (1973) highlight about eyewitness testimony (EWT)?

• EWT is always reliable and accurate.

• Juries give overwhelming weight to EWT.

• EWT is rarely used in court cases.

• EWT is not influenced by biases.

How is memory described?

• Memory is like a camera, capturing exact details.

• Memory is fixed and unchangeable.

• Memory is reconstructed, combining actual events with information gained after the event.

• Memory is unaffected by leading questions.

What did Nolan and Markham (1998) suggest about juries and eyewitness testimony?

• Juries are always sceptical of eyewitness testimony.

• Juries may be swayed by confident eyewitnesses.

• Juries have a deep understanding of memory processes.

• Juries never rely on eyewitness testimony.

What percentage of wrongful convictions involved eyewitness testimony according to Huff et al. (1986)?

• 30%

• 45%

• 60%

• 75%

What ethical implications are suggested by the reliance on eyewitness testimony?

• It ensures all convictions are accurate.

• It can lead to wrongful convictions.

• It has no impact on the justice system.

• It always supports the truth.

What did Greene (1990) report about jurors' perceptions of eyewitness testimony?

• Jurors are never sceptical of eyewitness testimony.

• Some jurors became more sceptical due to knowledge of misidentification mistakes.

• Jurors always trust eyewitness testimony.

• Jurors ignore eyewitness testimony completely.

What is the role of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) in eyewitness identification?

• It discourages the use of eyewitness testimony.

• It offers a code of practice for eyewitness identification attempts.

• It eliminates the need for eyewitnesses in trials.

• It guarantees the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.

What is the estimated annual cost of wrongful convictions in the UK?

• £50 billion

• £75 billion

• £100 billion

• £124 billion

What is a potential danger of being too sceptical about eyewitness testimony?

• It can lead to ignoring a key source of information.

• It ensures all eyewitnesses are discredited.

• It guarantees the accuracy of all convictions.

• It has no impact on the justice system.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that can alter memory?

• Biases

• Stereotypes

• Leading questions

• Physical health