Ecology

symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit

• competition

• Mutualism

• nitrogen fixation

• energy pyramid

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Aphids are small insects that live on various types of plants and feed on their sap. When there is a large population of aphids occupying a plant, they may remove too much sap causing the plant to change color or wilt. Ladybugs eat aphids and are often used in greenhouses to control the aphid population. Which type of relationship exists between the aphids ladybugs and plants?

• The relationship between the ladybugs and aphids are an example of competition.

•  The aphids and plants are an example of commensalism while the ladybugs and plants

• The ladybugs and aphids are an example of predation while the aphid and plants are an example of parasitism.

•  The ladybugs and plants are an example of mutualism while the aphid and plants are an example of parasitism. 

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Which of the following best describes the role of bacteria in this food web?

•  Obtain energy from dead organisms and waste material and transfers that energy to living organisms

•  Controls the population by removing energy from the living organisms

•  Uses energy from dead organisms or waste material to break down dead organisms and waste material into nutrients. 

•  Uses energy from light, to combine oxygen, carbon dioxide and water and converts it into energy in the form of sugar. 

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Which of the following best describes a relationship in the food web?

• The green plant is a decomposer because it is consumed by the rabbit.

• The goat is a primary consumer because it is consumed by the jackal.

• The wild cat is a secondary consumer because it consumes the rabbit.

• The mouse is a producer because it consumes the green plant.

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In this food web, the snake and the mouse have this relationship

• mutualism

• commensalism

• predation

• parasitsm

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Which of the following describes a native population where there has been a decrease in the availability of food ?

• An extinct wolf population remains extinct in a local forest.

• A goldfish population that has fewer individuals than the prior year.

• A pigeon population that has the same number of offspring as the past two years.

• A frog population has more adults in a pond than when they were counted last year

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A farmer wants to expand the family farm, but doesn't want to negatively affect the local red tail hawk population. The farmer knows the following about the red tail hawk. 1. They nest in the nearby forest in the tall parts of the trees. 2. They eat fish, rats, mice, rabbits, lizards and birds. 3. They hunt in open fields, plains, lakes and rivers. What choice below would have the largest negative impact on the red tail hawk population?

• Cut down the forest to plant a wheat field.

• Change the flow a nearby river to open up a field to plant corn

• Plant an apple orchard on part of an open field.

• Build a barn to park the tractor

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Gopher tortoises create their homes by digging holes in wee drained sandy soils throughout the southeast region of the U.S. The florida pine snakes will sometimes share the hole with the tortoises to shelter from weather or fire. Which of the following example demonstrates the same type of relationship?

• Moths lay eggs in the seedpods of the yucca plant, the larvae hatch and feed on some but not all of the seeds and the moth acts as a pollinator for the plant.

• The goby fish and blind shrimp live in a tunnel in the sand created by the shrimp and when a predator is near the goby fish will touch the shrimp to warn it.

• Tapeworms live in the digestive system and eat partially digested food which eventually deprives the host of food and nourishment

• A Pseudoscorpion is a tiny scorpion with no stinger that moves from place to place by hitching a ride on much larger insects

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A tree is a ....

• composer

• decomposer

• producer

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What is a herbivore?

• an animal that gets energy from eating other animals

• an organism that gets energy from eating only plants

• an animal that gets energy by eating both plants and other animals

• an animal that eats only herbs