Conservation of Momentum

A 3.0-kilogram steel block is at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. A 1.0-kilogram lump of clay is propelled horizontally at 6.0 meters per second toward the block as shown in the diagram below. Upon collision, the clay and steel block stick together and move to the right with a speed of

• 1.5 m/s

• 2.0 m/s

• 3.0 m/s

• 6.0 m/s

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NGSS.HS-PS2-1

NGSS.HS-PS2-2

A woman with horizontal velocity v₁ jumps off a dock into a stationary boat. After landing in the boat, the woman and the boat move with velocity v₂. Compared to velocity v₁, velocity v₂ has

• the same magnitude and the same direction

• the same magnitude and opposite direction

• smaller magnitude and the same direction

• larger magnitude and the same direction

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NGSS.HS-PS2-2

Which of the following most accurately describes conservation of momentum?

• 1. Momentum is always conserved, even when external forces are present.

• Momentum can only be conserved in systems where objects are stationary.

• The total momentum of a system remains constant if no external forces act on it.

• 1. Momentum conservation means all objects in a system move at the same speed.

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NGSS.HS-PS2-2

A shotgun fires a 0.015 kg slug at a speed of 900 m/s. The shotgun itself has a mass of 3.5 kg. What is the recoil speed of the shotgun?

• 3.86 m/s

• 2.50 m/s

• 5.10 m/s

• 1.20 m/s

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NGSS.HS-PS2-2

Two astronauts are floating stationary in space near each other. Astronaut X has a mass of 75 kg and pushes off astronaut Y, sending them to the left at 1.8 m/s. If astronaut Y's mass is 90 kg, with what velocity does astronaut X move to the right?

• 2.16 m/s

• 1.50 m/s

• 3.00

• 1,00

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NGSS.HS-PS2-2

A 2.0 kg arrow is fired at 10 m/s into a stationary 10 kg block of ice. The arrow sticks into the block of ice. What is the velocity of the arrow / ice combination after the collision?

• 2.5 m/s

• 10 m/s

• 1.7 m/s

• 5.0 m/s

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NGSS.HS-PS2-2

A 7.0 kg bowling ball traveling at 2.0 m/s collides with a stationary 0.5 kg beach ball in an elastic collision. The bowling ball leaves the collision with a velocity of 1.5 m/s traveling in the same direction as the beach ball. Calculate the speed of the beach ball.

• 1.0 m/s

• 2.0 m/s

• 3.5 m/s

• 7.0 m/s

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NGSS.HS-PS2-2

A 280 kg bumper car traveling at 1.5 m/s collides with another bumper car of the same mass moving at 0.8 m/s in the same direction. After the collision, the two cars stick together for a short time before separating. What is the velocity of the combined bumper cars after the collision?

• 1.14 m/s

• 1.00 m/s

• 1.30 m/s

• 0.80 m/s

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NGSS.HS-PS2-2

You're at a carnival trying to knock over a 0.25 kg milk bottle using a 0.07 kg ball. You throw the ball at 20 m/s at the stationary milk bottle, creating an elastic collision. The ball bounces off the bottle at 18 m/s. What is the velocity of the milk bottle after the collision?

• 2.86 m/s

• 3.50 m/s

• 1.80 m/s

• 4.20 m/s

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NGSS.HS-PS2-2

The approximate momentum of a stealth airplane is 2.112 x 10⁷ kg·ms at it's top speed. If the stealth plane has a mass of 65,000 kg, what is it's max velocity?

• 324. 324.9 m/s

• 553.8 m/s

• 477.9 m/s

• 255.5 m/s

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NGSS.HS-PS2-2