EOC Biology Review

SC.912.L.16.1 In pea plants, the allele for white flowers is recessive to the allele for purple flowers. In a generation of pea plants, 89 plants produced purple flowers and 31 plants produced white flowers. Which of the following is the best conclusion you can make about the parent plants of this generation?

• Both parent plants are heterozygous for flower color.

• Both parent plants were homozygous with purple flowers.

• One parent plant had white flowers and the other was heterozygous for flower color.

• One parent plant was heterozygous for flower color and the other was homozygous with purple flowers.

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SC.912.L.16.3 A cell is replicating its DNA. Part of the DNA strand reads A-C-C-G-T-A-C. The new strand built off this section reads T-G-G-A-A-T-G. What effect might this have when the DNA replicates in the future?

• Cells having the new DNA version will look or operate differently from cells with the original DNA.

• Only the sections of DNA without mistakes will be used in the future so the DNA strand will shorten.

• The DNA will be exactly like the original since only the original strand of DNA is used as a template

• When the new strand is used as a template the strand built from it will differ from the original DNA.

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SC.912.L.18.1 Which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acids and enzymes?

• Nucleic acids are used as the building blocks of proteins, while enzymes are used as the building blocks of phospholipids.

• Nucleic acids inhibit biochemical reactions, while enzymes provide structural support in cells.

• Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions.

• Nucleic acids transmit signals that begin biochemical processes, while enzymes convert carbohydrates into lipids and proteins.

SC. 912.L.18.1 Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?

• The cell would find a different type of protein to catalyze the reaction.

• The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all.

• The reaction the protein catalyzes would only occur in some places in the cell.

• The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed.

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SC.912.L.14.2 Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from

a low concentration to a high concentration.

How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane?

• Active transport

• Passive transport

• Facilitated Diffusion

• Co-transport

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

• ribosome - protein synthesis

• mitochondrion - movement

• vacuole - cell division

• nucleus - storage of nutrients

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Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?

• The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes.

• The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart

• The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70 °C.

• The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.

Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product.

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the

  reaction

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During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.

• Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur

• It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

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SC. 912.L.14.1 Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke?

• Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole.

• Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.

• Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress.

• Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.