STAAR EOC Biology Review

What amino acid sequence is encoded in the partial DNA segment?

• Serine – Threonine – Tyrosine

• Serine – Serine – Tyrosine

• Serine – Threonine – Methionine

• Serine – Alanine – Methionine

Answer explanation

The correct amino acid sequence encoded in the partial DNA segment is Serine - Threonine - Tyrosine based on the mRNA codon chart.

Tags

B.6(C)

Which property is shared by the cells of all living things?

• The cells contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

• The cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer and a cell wall made of cellulose.

• The cells have chromosomes that are located inside a membrane-bound nucleus.

• The cells rely on mitochondria to carry out aerobic cellular respiration.

Answer explanation

The property shared by all living cells is that they contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

Tags

B.6(B)

Which model accurately shows a cell progressing through mitosis?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which body system is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?

• Digestive system

• Circulatory system

• Respiratory system

• Nervous system

Answer explanation

The circulatory system is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, making it the correct choice.

What is the primary role of the stomata in plant leaves?

• To transport nutrients

• To release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide

• To capture light energy

• To protect the leaf from insects

Answer explanation

Stomata release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, a crucial process for plant survival.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms. Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?

• Organism 1

• Organism 2

• Organism 3

• Organism 4

Answer explanation

Organism 2 is the least related because it has the most differences in its amino acid sequence compared to the other organisms, indicating a lower level of relatedness.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Scientists around the world use a standardized taxonomic system. Why would scientists want to use a taxonomic system that is standardized?

• In order to avoid confusion with the identification of organisms

• Because Linnaeus established the system

• So that Latin names can be applied for a practical purpose

• In order to place organisms in different groups

Answer explanation

The standardized taxonomic system helps scientists avoid confusion when identifying organisms by providing a consistent framework for classification.

Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?

• DNA moves to the cytoplasm to build proteins

• DNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins

• DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins

• DNA breaks hydrogen bonds between amino acids

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

NGSS.HS-LS1-2

Which effect could a mutation in mRNA have on the production of proteins?

• The protein produced will have a different identity.

• The protein produced will have a coiled shape.

• The protein produced will produce excess nitrogen.

• The protein produced will produce excess water.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2