Study Guide: Unit 5: Protein Synthesis

The molecule that carries genetic information in cells is called ____.

• DNA

• RNA

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

The molecule that acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins is called ____.

• mRNA

• DNA

• Protein

• Enzyme

The principle that describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is known as the ____.

• Central dogma

• Genetic drift

• Natural selection

• Gene flow

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The ratio that describes the pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA is known as ____.

• Chargaff’s ratio for complementary base pairs

• Mendel’s ratio for genetic inheritance

• Watson-Crick ratio for DNA structure

• Franklin’s ratio for X-ray diffraction

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA is called ____.

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Mutation

What is Translation?

• The process of converting mRNA into a protein.

• The process of converting DNA into RNA.

• The process of converting proteins into DNA.

• The process of converting RNA into DNA.

What are Amino Acids?

• Building blocks of proteins.

• Sugars that provide energy.

• Fats that store energy.

• Vitamins that regulate body processes.

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What is the function of RNA Polymerase?

• An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

• A protein that breaks down RNA molecules.

• A molecule that transports amino acids to ribosomes.

• An enzyme that replicates DNA strands.

What is a Codon?

• A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

• A type of protein found in cells.

• A segment of DNA that regulates gene expression.

• A molecule that carries genetic information.

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What is the difference between a Nontemplate (Sense) strand and a Template (Antisense) strand?

• The Nontemplate strand is the DNA strand that is not used for RNA synthesis, while the template strand is the one that is used to transcribe RNA.

• The Nontemplate strand is the one used for RNA synthesis, while the template strand is not used to transcribe RNA.

• The Nontemplate strand and Template strand are identical in sequence.

• The Nontemplate strand is only found in prokaryotes, while the Template strand is found in eukaryotes.