Ecological

___ are the first organisms to colonize an area and begin the process of ecological succession.

• foundational organisms

• introductory organisms

• primary organisms

• pioneer species

What is the main difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?

• Primary begins WITHOUT soil; Secondary begins WITH soil

• Primary is the first state and secondary is the second stage

• Primary builds plant community; secondary builds animal community.

• Primary begins WITH soil; Secondary begins WITHOUT soil

What is an example of an area that is likely to undergo primary succession?

• Glaciers melt and leave exposed rock

• Plants die from drought and decompose

• Land is bulldozed and soil remains

What is ecological succession?

• A slow change in an environment

• A change that takes days in an environment

• No change

• Abiotic change

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Which sphere of the Earth includes all living organisms?

• Atmosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

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An autotroph is also called a ______.

• Consumer

• Producer

• Decomposer

• Heterotroph

The following statement is a hypothesis formed about marsh grass: 
If the amount of nitrogen marsh grass receives is increased, then the height of the grass will increase, because nitrogen is an essential nutrient needed for marsh grass to grow.
What is the independent variable of the statement above? 

• Height of grass

• Amount of nitrogen

• Essential nutrient

• Amount of growth

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As part of the biosphere, humans only account for ____ % of the Earth's biomass:

• 1%

• 0.01%

• 7%

• 12%

Blackspot fungus does not grow on roses when there is a large amount of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. This fungus serves as a _____

• secondary messenger

• bioindicator

• keystone species

• eco-service

What is the role of decomposers in an Ecosystem? 

• They recycle matter and nutrients to form fossil fuels

• They are burn and release as carbon dioxide

• Decomposers are responsible to turn oxygen into carbon dioxide

• They recycle energy back to the sun

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