Evolutionary History Unit Review

an older population from which two or more newer species descended or evolved from.

• adaptive trait

• body structure

• common ancestor population

• descendent species

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the process by which species adapt to changes in the environment over a very long time

• evolution

• limb

• paleontologist

• shared structure

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the process by which one population evolves into two or more different species

• species

• stability

• organisms

• speciation

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This fossil snake and this living rat both have a structure in their skull called the quadrate bone. How did this happen?

• The snake and rat are different species, so they are related. They inherited the quadrate bone structure from separate ancestors.

• ll species have their own specific body structures, so it is just a coincidence.

• The snake and rat both share the same ancestor population that had a quadrate bone.

• It is impossible to say. Fossils are very old.

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What is the significance of the Cambrian Explosion in the fossil record?

• It marks the extinction of the dinosaurs.

• It represents a period of rapid evolutionary diversification.

• It indicates the first appearance of human ancestors.

• It shows the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life.

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What best describes the hind leg bones seen in the whale?

• The bones are analogous structures to the fins of living fish.

• The bones are vestigial structures that had a function in an ancestor.

• The bones are homologous structures to the wings of butterflies.

• The bones are fossil structures from an extinct ancestor.

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According to this image, which two domains of life are most related?

• Bacteria & Archaea

• Archaea & Eukarya

• Eukarya & Bacteria

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Vestigial structures

• structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin

• remnants of once-important structures that have slowly lost all or most of their function

• features found in different organisms that share structural similarities but may have very different functions

• preserved remains of an organism

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Macroevolution exhibit ​​​​ ​ (a)   evolutionary changes.

• large

• small

• neutral

• mutation

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A shared structure is

• a body structure in two or more species that features the same parts (for example, the same bones)

• sharing a common ancestor population

• a group of the same type of organism living in the same area

• an organism’s arm, leg, or wing

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