AP Environmental Science Unit 8

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following solutions most likely led to the decrease in the amount of waste sent to landfills from 1990 to 2015 ?

• Increased composting of domestic waste

• Increased composting of e-waste

• Increased combustion of waste

• Increased recycling of waste

Identify one water parameter that could be measured in order to determine whether raw sewage is present in surface waterways (check all that apply)

• pH

• Fecal coliform bacteria

• temperature

• turbidity

Which of the following is a way to potentially eliminate one of the greatest threats to the world's mangrove wetlands?

• Increase desalination to reduce effects of prolonged drought in mangroves

• Integrate ecologically sound shrimp aquacultural practices with mangrove management

• Construct dams in mangroves to increase sediment load and decrease pollution

• Employ irrigation methods to address potential desertification of mangrove habitats

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What is the evidence that solar radiation is less important to global warming than the increase in greenhouse gases?

• temperatures have increased more in the summer than in winter

• temperatures have increased more in the winter than in summer

• temperature increases have been uneven across the globe

• there is a historic correlation of CO₂ and temperature

• There is a lack of temperature change in some areas

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Particulate matter can increase global warming by

• reacting with chlorofluorocarbons

• reducing surface absorption of ultraviolet radiation

• producing additional nitrous oxides

• reflecting radiation

• lowering surface albedo

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Approximately 60% of municipal solid waste in the United States is composed of some form of organic matter that could be composted. Every American generates approximately 2kg of waste every day. The amount of compostable waste that could be generated by one individual in a week would be closest to

• 0.6kg

• 1.2kg

• 4.2kg

• 8.4kg

Which of the following statements best describes how the Clean Water Act legislation aims to protect wetlands from being lost?

• The Clean Water Act bans the draining of wetlands over five acres in size

• The Clean Water Act requires wetlands to be constructed to mitigate the effect of newly drained wetlands

• The Clean Water Act establishes standards for the quality of surface waters that must be continually monitored and reported

• The Clean Water Act prohibits the use of wetlands for development and construction

Which of the following strategies will best help to protect mangrove habitats?

• Limiting coastal development and maintain a shoreline buffer zone

• Increasing aquaculture operations to reduce overfishing

• Increasing subsidies for hydroelectric dam construction

• Encouraging land use changes in areas surrounding mangroves to shift to agriculture

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Which of the following best describes the source of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that could accumulate in the tissues of a top predator?

• Methane and carbon dioxide released from livestock operations

• DDT and other pesticides that are sprayed to control for mosquitoes

• CFCs that are manufactured to be used as pesticides

• Sulfur dioxide released from coal-burning power plants

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According to the World Health Organization, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are found in nearly all tested organism tissues and environmental samples. Which characteristic of POPs accounts for their presence in living tissues and in environmental samples?

• POPs are lipophilic, which means that they can be stored in fatty tissues for long periods of time.

• POPs are released into the air, water, and land, which allows them to be transported and incorporated in multiple ways

• POPs are synthetic chemicals, so only humans and urban environments are exposed to the pollutants

• POPs are organic compounds, so they can biodegrade easily and move through various experiments

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