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Conduction is one way in which energy in the form of heat is transferred through the Earth system. Which of the following best describes how conduction causes magma to heat the surrounding rock inside Earth?

• The warm magma flows towards Earth’s surface and cools.

• Electromagnetic waves from the sun warm the magma, which in turn warms the surrounding rock

• Differences in the density of the magma cause movement in the magma, which warms the surrounding rock

• Molecules of magma collide with molecules of rock and transfer energy as heat

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Electromagnetic waves produced by the sun travel through space to Earth. What is this method of energy transfer called?

• CONVECTION

• CONDUCTION

• INSULATION

• RADIATION

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NGSS.MS-PS4-1

Earth’s atmosphere is not uniform in temperature. What is the primary method by which energy as heat can be rapidly transferred and cycled through different elevations in Earth’s atmosphere?

• convection

• conduction

• insulation

• radiation

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Solar energy does not warm Earth’s surface evenly. For example, during the day, land areas warm up faster than nearby bodies of water. How does this uneven warming affect the movement of air over land and water?

• The cooler, denser air above the water flows toward the warmer, less dense air above the land, causing a sea breeze.

• The warmer, less dense air above the land flows toward the cooler, denser air above the water, causing a land breeze.

• The cooler air over the water would absorb water vapor and rise, resulting in rainy conditions over the shoreline.

• The warmer air over the land would transfer energy to the cooler air by conduction, leading to a uniform air temperature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Sunlight does not reach all parts of Earth's surface equally. This results in uneven heating of Earth’s surface and the formation of wind. Why does the uneven heating of Earth's surface produce wind?

• It causes condensation in the atmosphere.

• It causes pressure differences in the atmosphere.

• It causes differences in the level of water vapor in the atmosphere.

• It causes cooler air to rise, creating a partial vacuum near the surface.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Which detail about Earth’s atmosphere is true?

• It has no effect on surface temperatures.

• It shields life forms on the surface from radiation.

• It allows meteors to strike the surface.

• It is thicker over places where there are high elevations.

The sun emits harmful ultraviolet radiation, some of which reaches Earth's surface. Scientists recommend that people who plan on being outdoors for at least 20 minutes apply sunscreen to protect their skin from ultraviolet radiation. What blocks most of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation from reaching Earth's surface?

• wind

• precipitation

• clouds

• atmosphere

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

The atmosphere serves as a buffer between Earth and the sun. Which of the following wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are absorbed by the ozone layer?

• X-rays

• infrared radiation

• radio waves

• ultraviolet radiation

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-3

What type of global wind is found at letter D?

• Doldrums

• Prevailing Westerlies

• Polar Easterlies

• Tradewinds

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Conduction results in the transfer of energy as heat. Which of the following is the best example of energy transfer by conduction?

• Sunlight shines on the ocean warms the surface water.

• Cold surface water is warmed by warm air directly above it.

• Cold ocean water sinks deep into the ocean while warm ocean water rises upward

• Water in the shallow parts of the ocean is warmer than waters in the deeper parts of the ocean.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4