Gravity and Space Exploration

__________ __________ is the investigation of physical conditions in space and on stars, planets, and other celestial bodies through the use of satellites, space probes, or spacecraft with human crews.

• Space shuttle

• Space probing

• Space Exploration

• None of the above

What is one reason astronauts working outside the International Space Station need to wear space suits? The space suits -

• make it easier to identify the astronauts.

• help the astronauts float freely in space.

• have communication devices in the helmet.

• provide essential food and water for survival.

The space shuttle carries astronauts back and forth between Earth and the International Space Station in orbit around our planet. What feature is necessary for the space shuttle to perform its function? The space shuttle must have -

• sufficient mass to provide gravity equal to that of Earth.

• powerful engines to escape the pull of Earth's gravity.

• enough food for the astronauts to eat for several years.

• adequate space in which the astronauts can float freely.

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

Some scientists are planning a manned space mission to a rocky planet slightly farther from the Sun than Earth. To which planet are they sending astronauts?

• Mercury

• Venus

• Mars

• Jupiter

The diagram shows a type of space equipment. What is the most likely function of this piece of space equipment?

• To take photographs of distant galaxies and stars

• To provide a place for astronauts to live in space

• To launch space probes or other spacecraft

• To shield Earth from the effects of radiation

What science tool advanced space exploration by allowing humans to see better and farther into space?

• Microscope

• Telescope

• Camera

• Hand lens

This diagram provides some important dates in the history of space exploration as it relates to the Moon. After scientists had a clear picture of the surface of the Moon, they landed an unmanned craft before risking human life. The Soviets landed the first unmanned craft on the Moon, named Luna 9. Which of the following is the most reasonable time period for this mission to have taken place?

• Sometime before 1959

• Between 1959 - 1965

• Between 1965 - 1969

• Sometime after 1969

What is the most important function of a space suit like the ones astronauts wear when walking in space?

• To give the astronaut freedom of movement in space

• To provide oxygen and protection from radiation

• To make it easy to get in and out of the International Space Station

• To help the astronaut perform experiments in space

Which of the following celestial bodies of the Solar System have humans visited?

• the Moon

• Mars

• Venus

• Saturn

A fly-by mission involves sending a spacecraft past a planet without landing on it. During the relatively short time the spacecraft speeds moving past a planet, it is able to -

• gather information on how the planet changes.

• conduct in-depth studies of the planet's surface.

• deposit astronauts on the planet for further study.

• transmit close-up images of the planet back to Earth.

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