Quiz about AP Biology Phylogeny

Question 1

Modern Classification (Phylogeny) adds what to Linnaeus's taxonomic criteria?

Accepted Answer

evolutionary relationships & DNA (biochemical characters)

Answer

habitat type

Answer

fewer categories than Linnaeus

Answer

a naming system called binomial nomenclature

Question 2

The two extant species that are closely related to each other are __.

Accepted Answer

C and D

Answer

A and B

Answer

B and C

Answer

D and E

Question 3

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the cladogram above?

Accepted Answer

Species S is more closely related to species T than to species R.

Answer

Species P and Q are equally related to species T.

Answer

Species P and T do not share a common ancestor.

Answer

Species S evolved from species R.

Question 4

Based on the figure, which organism is most closely related to the polar bear?

Accepted Answer

european brown bear

Answer

black bear

Answer

western north american brown bear

Answer

asian brown bear

Question 5

the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Accepted Answer

phylogeny

Answer

speciation

Question 6

Phylogenetic trees show...

Accepted Answer

Homologous structures through divergent evolution

Answer

Homologous structures through convergent evolution

Answer

Analogous structures through divergent evolution

Answer

Analogous structures through convergent evolution

Question 7

Phlogeny is ....

Accepted Answer

The study of the evolutionary history of a species

Answer

The study of classification of species

Answer

The study of prehistoric life

Answer

The study of the distribution of different species

Question 8

According to maximum parsimony...

Accepted Answer

The simpler your phylogenetic tree, the better

Answer

Phylogenetic trees should have many branches

Answer

All organisms in a phylogenetic tree must descend from a common ancestor

Answer

Phylogenetic trees must show all traits

Question 9

Based on the data given in the table, which two are most closely related?

Accepted Answer

Human & Chimpanzee

Answer

Human & Gorilla

Answer

Gorilla & Orangutan

Answer

Chimpanzee & Orangutan

Question 10

Which of the following statements is correct based on the information shown in this phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

the turtle and the frog are more similar to each other than the turtle and the bass

Answer

frogs have existed for a longer time that bass

Answer

the frog is more closely related to the bass than to the leopard

Answer

the bass is extinct

Question 11

Using the cladogram: a common ancestor of amphibians and ray-finned fish would have

Accepted Answer

a bony skeleton

Answer

four limbs

Answer

scaly skin

Answer

eggs with shells

Question 12

All life is classified into _______ domains based on common characteristics.

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

2

Answer

4

Answer

5

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A group that includes all descendants of a common ancestor

Answer

A group that includes species with similar traits but different ancestors

Answer

A group that excludes some descendants of a common ancestor

Answer

A group that includes species from different evolutionary paths

Question 14

What is the primary purpose of a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

To depict the evolutionary relationships among species

Answer

To show the physical characteristics of organisms

Answer

To classify organisms based on habitat

Answer

To illustrate the geographical distribution of species

Question 15

Which molecular evidence is most commonly used in constructing phylogenetic trees?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomal RNA

Answer

Mitochondrial DNA

Answer

Chloroplast DNA

Answer

Nuclear DNA

Question 16

In a phylogenetic tree, what does a node represent?

Accepted Answer

A common ancestor

Answer

A living species

Answer

An extinct species

Answer

A genetic mutation

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure?

Accepted Answer

Forelimbs of a human and forelimbs of a cat

Answer

Wings of a bat and wings of a butterfly

Answer

Fins of a fish and wings of a bird

Answer

Leaves of a tree and petals of a flower

Question 18

What is the significance of using outgroups in phylogenetic analysis?

Accepted Answer

To root the tree and provide a point of reference

Answer

To determine the age of the phylogenetic tree

Answer

To identify extinct species

Answer

To classify organisms based on size

Question 19

Which concept suggests that the simplest explanation is often the correct one in phylogenetic analysis?

Accepted Answer

Maximum parsimony

Answer

Maximum likelihood

Answer

Bayesian inference

Answer

Cladistics

Question 20

What is the difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

A phylogenetic tree shows evolutionary time, a cladogram does not

Answer

A cladogram shows evolutionary time, a phylogenetic tree does not

Answer

Both show evolutionary time

Answer

Neither shows evolutionary time

Question 21

Which of the following is a limitation of phylogenetic trees?

Accepted Answer

They can be based on incomplete data

Answer

They can show evolutionary relationships

Answer

They can predict future evolutionary changes

Answer

They can illustrate genetic mutations

Question 22

What does the term 'sister taxa' refer to in phylogenetics?

Accepted Answer

Two species that share a common ancestor

Answer

Two species that evolved independently

Answer

Two species that are geographically isolated

Answer

Two species that have identical DNA

Question 23

How does horizontal gene transfer affect phylogenetic trees?

Accepted Answer

It complicates the tree by introducing genes from different lineages

Answer

It simplifies the tree structure

Answer

It has no effect on the tree

Answer

It only affects prokaryotic organisms

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