Florida Biology EOC Review

During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.

• Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur

• It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

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SC.912. L.14.1 Scientific law and a scientific theory are similar in that both

• are based on what we expect to happen based on natural history

• describe the events that can be observed in nature

• explain why events and conditions occur as they do in the natural world

• represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence

SC. 912.L.14.1 Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke?

• Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole.

• Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.

• Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress.

• Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.

SC. 912. L.14.3 Which statement best compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

• Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes have a cell membrane.

• Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.

• Eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across the cell membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion.

• Eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes are not able to move.

SC. 912.L.14.3 Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells?

• Animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plant cells contain cell membranes and many small vacuoles.

• Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.

• Plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes.

• Plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal cells do.

SC.912.L.16.1 When an organism has more than 10 fingers or toes, the condition is known as polydactylism. Although polydactylism is rare, it is a dominant trait. If two cats that are heterozygous for polydactylism mate and have a litter with a total of 12 kittens, how many of them would you expect to have more than 10 fingers or toes?

• 0

• 6

• 9

• 12

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SC.912.L.16.1 In pea plants, the allele for white flowers is recessive to the allele for purple flowers. In a generation of pea plants, 89 plants produced purple flowers and 31 plants produced white flowers. Which of the following is the best conclusion you can make about the parent plants of this generation?

• Both parent plants are heterozygous for flower color.

• Both parent plants were homozygous with purple flowers.

• One parent plant had white flowers and the other was heterozygous for flower color.

• One parent plant was heterozygous for flower color and the other was homozygous with purple flowers.

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SC.912.L.16.3 Why do cells need both tRNA and mRNA?

• Only mRNA can be used to repair mistakes in the DNA sequence.

• Only tRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids

• The tRNA in used on the ribosomes and the mRNA is used in the nucleus

• The mRNA brings information to the nucleus for the tRNA to use.

SC.912.L.16.3 ATCAGTGAT A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence?

• 5

• 4

• 2

• 3

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SC.912.L.16.3 A cell is replicating its DNA. Part of the DNA strand reads A-C-C-G-T-A-C. The new strand built off this section reads T-G-G-A-A-T-G. What effect might this have when the DNA replicates in the future?

• Cells having the new DNA version will look or operate differently from cells with the original DNA.

• Only the sections of DNA without mistakes will be used in the future so the DNA strand will shorten.

• The DNA will be exactly like the original since only the original strand of DNA is used as a template

• When the new strand is used as a template the strand built from it will differ from the original DNA.

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