Geologic Timeline

Through correlation of many different layers of rocks, geologists have determined that Zion National Park, Bryce Canyon, and the Grand Canyon are all part of one layered sequence called the Grand Staircase. Some of the layers are buried underground. Infer the makeup of the buried layer below Zion's Kaibab layer.

• It would likely be the same layer that is above the Navajo Sandstone in Bryce Canyon National Park.

• It would likely be the same layer that is immediately below the Kaibab layer at Grand Canyon National Park.

• It would likely be the same as the Moenkopi formation.

• It would likely be the same as the Navajo sandstone.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The dinosaurs and reptiles were dominant in which Era?

• Precambrian

• Mesozoic

• Paleozoic

• Cenozoic

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Mammals are a dominant group in which era?

• Cenozoic

• Mesozoic

• Paleozoic

• Cambrianozoic

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The Geologic Time Scale is a record of what?

• old geologists

• sweet geology music

• the known history of rocks and fossils

• a list of every living thing ever

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

When part of the rock record is destroyed, the erosional gap that forms is a(n) ____.

• inclusion

• key bed

• unconformity

• superposition

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Scientists can use absolute dating techniques on a specific form of carbon called carbon14. Volcanic ash contains large amounts of carbon-14. The diagram below shows partial rock columns from three different locations, with the same layer of volcanic ash identified by the dotted lines. How can analyzing these layers of ash help scientists learn more about the rock columns in the three locations?

• Scientists can determine the location of the volcano that erupted by comparing the thickness of the ash layer in each of the columns.

• Scientists can determine that the ash layer was deposited at different times in each column because it is found at different depths in the columns.

• Scientists can determine the age of the ash layer in one location and use that information to estimate the age ranges of matching sequences of rocks in other locations.

• Scientists can determine whether the volcanic eruption that produced the ash layer was responsible for the extinction of species found in the rock columns in the other locations.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The gap in the rock record that occurs between folded or uplifted rock layers and a sedimentary rock layer on top of them is called a(n) .

• disconformity

• nonconformity

• angular unconformity

• conformity

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Use the image to help answer the following question: Using relative aging, how old is the formation of the Earth's core?

• Earth's core is....older than the formation of the moon.

• Earth's core is....younger than the earliest fossils.

• Earth's core is....about 4.50 billion years old.

• None of the above.

Use the image to help answer the following question: Using absolute aging, how long ago was there a rise in atmospheric oxygen?

• The rise in atmospheric oxygen.... is younger than the dinosaurs.

• The rise in atmospheric oxygen.... is older than the first cells with a nucleus.

• The rise in atmospheric oxygen.... happened about 2 billion years ago.

• None of the above.

Use the image to help answer the following question: Scientifically speaking, how old is the Earth thought to be?

• 4.56 Billion years old.

• 4.50 Billion years old.

• 2 Billion years old.

• 4 Billion years old.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4