Evolutionary Theory

In the 1800s Jean-Baptiste Lamarck offered a hypothesis about evolution called the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Which of the following is an example of how Lamarck thought animals evolved?

• Fish mutated the genes necessary to develop lungs and were able to eventually survive on land.

• Giraffes once had short necks and stretched them reaching for leaves on trees, later passing the longer neck trait to their offspring.

• Dark moths, once outnumbered by light moths, began to survive longer and reproduce more after the industrial revolution turned the trees black.

• The earth has been here so long that animals have had plenty of time to adapt to their environment through natural selection.

Charles Lyell wrote a book called the Principles of Geology which Charles Darwin read during his famous voyage around the world. Lyell’s book contributed to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by convincing Darwin that

• natural selection was responsible for the acquisition of new traits within a population when there was competition between species.

• giraffes had short necks until they stretched them while reaching for the higher leaves on trees and then passed these traits to their offspring.

• the earth was old and formed by slow-acting processes which Darwin applied to the evolution of living things.

• homologous structures, the fossil record, and vestigial structures were the best evidence for the evolution of species.

Which of the following men developed a theory of evolution very similar to Charles Darwin’s around the same time that Darwin developed his theory?

• Malthus

• Lyell

• Lamarck

• Wallace

Which of the following best describes Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's contribution to the theory of evolution?

• He published a book that convinced others that the earth is old and formed by slow-acting processes.

• He suggested that organisms changed gradually in response to their environment, and passed on acquired characteristics.

• His work convinced Darwin that organisms overpopulate and compete for resources.

• He developed a theory of evolution very similar to Darwin's theory at about the same time.

In what major way did Darwin's ideas diverge from Lamarck's?

• Lamarck thought changes to an individual animal during its lifetime would be passed on to offspring

• Lamarck believed that environmental pressures drive evolution

• Lamarck thought that animals would not have had time to evolve in Earth's short history

• Lamarck did not believe that species could change over time

Which of these animals contributed a lot of data to Darwin's work?

• Galapagos tortoises

• Finches

• Frogs

• Beetles

• Iguanas

What does evolutionary FITNESS refer to?

• An organism's ability to travel long distances or move heavy objects

• An organism's ability to fight off stronger predators

• An organism's ability to survive & compete

• An organism's ability to survive & reproduce

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NGSS.MS-LS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Who was the naturalist that traveled the world to study plants and animals?

• Albert Einstein

• Charles Darwin

• Charles Barkley

• Isaac Newton

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Which of the following best describes Charles Lyell’s contribution to the theory of evolution?

• He believed giraffe necks grew longer with each generation as they kept reaching for higher leaves.

• He published a book that convinced others the earth is old and formed by slow-acting processes.

• He developed a theory of evolution very similar to Darwin’s theory at about the same time.

• His work convinced Darwin that organisms overpopulate and compete for resources.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

The name of Darwin's first publication was

• Inheritance of Acquired Traits

• Human Evolution

• On the Origin of Species

• My Voyage on the Beagle