Light and Energy

Which statement about white light is true?

• White light has no color.

• White light is a mixture of all the colors of light.

• The light that comes out of a prism is white light.

• White light is always reflected.

Aria, Arjun, and Noah are experimenting with a prism in their physics class. They shine a beam of white light through the prism. What happens to the light? Provide an example of this phenomenon.

• When they pass the white light through the prism, it turns into black light.

• The light is absorbed by the prism and disappears.

• The light becomes invisible to the human eye.

• When they pass the white light through the prism, it is dispersed into a spectrum of colors.

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Lily, Jackson, and Nora are conducting a science experiment. They shine a light beam from air into a glass block and observe the light beam's path. What are they observing?

• They are observing refraction of light, which is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another. This occurs due to the change in speed of light in different mediums.

• They are observing reflection of light, which is the reflection of light off a surface. This occurs when light hits a shiny surface.

• They are observing absorption of light, which is the absorption of light by a medium. This occurs when light is absorbed by a dark surface.

• They are observing scattering of light, which is the scattering of light in all directions. This occurs when light hits a rough surface.

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Evelyn, Nora, and Elijah are discussing about the different types of energy in their science class. They are trying to understand each type with a real-world example. Can you help them?

• Magnetic energy - energy from magnetic fields (e.g. a refrigerator magnet at Evelyn's home)

• Sound energy - energy from vibrations (e.g. Nora's dog barking)

• The different types of energy are: Kinetic energy - energy of motion (e.g. Elijah's moving car), Potential energy - stored energy (e.g. a stretched rubber band in Nora's hand), Thermal energy - heat energy (e.g. boiling water in Evelyn's kitchen), Chemical energy - energy stored in chemical bonds (e.g. burning wood in Elijah's fireplace), Electrical energy - energy from electric charges (e.g. lightning during a storm), Light energy - energy from electromagnetic waves (e.g. sunlight in Nora's backyard), Nuclear energy - energy from the nucleus of an atom (e.g. nuclear power plants).

• Wind energy - energy from moving air (e.g. wind turbines that Evelyn saw during her trip)

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David, William, and Daniel are discussing the process of light reflection. They want to understand it better with a real-life example. Can you help them?

• When David looks into a mirror, he sees a blurry image of his surroundings. This is an example of light reflection.

• When William looks into a mirror, he sees a clear image of his surroundings. This is an example of light reflection.

• Light reflection occurs when Daniel looks through a glass window.

• An example of light reflection is when light passes through a prism and creates a rainbow, like what Daniel saw in his science class.

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Aria, Samuel, and Lily are experimenting with a plane mirror in their physics class. They are trying to understand the law of reflection. Can you help them understand what the law of reflection is and how it is applied in the case of a plane mirror?

• The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection. In the case of a plane mirror, the light rays reflect off the mirror surface at a smaller angle than they hit it.

• The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. In the case of a plane mirror, the light rays reflect off the mirror surface at the same angle they hit it.

• The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is less than the angle of reflection. In the case of a plane mirror, the light rays reflect off the mirror surface at a larger angle than they hit it.

• The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is unrelated to the angle of reflection. In the case of a plane mirror, the light rays reflect off the mirror surface in random directions.

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Rohan, Michael, and Anika are discussing the principle of conservation of energy in their physics class. Can you help them understand what it is? Provide an example.

• Rohan suggests that the principle of conservation of energy states that energy can be created out of nothing. For instance, he thinks a car engine creates energy to move the car.

• Michael believes that the principle of conservation of energy states that energy can be destroyed completely. He gives the example of a light bulb using up all its energy to produce light.

• Anika explains that the principle of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but only changed from one form to another. She gives the example of a pendulum swinging back and forth, where potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and vice versa.

• They also consider the possibility that the principle of conservation of energy states that energy can be both created and destroyed. An example they discuss is a battery charging and discharging.

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Noah, Michael, and Abigail are studying physics together. They come across a concept they don't fully understand: the Doppler effect. They decide to discuss it in terms of real-world examples. How would they describe the Doppler effect and how it is observed in sound and light?

• They might say that the Doppler effect is like when you hear a car approaching and then moving away. The sound of the car changes pitch because of the Doppler effect. Similarly, when they look at a star moving away from Earth, the light from the star shifts towards red because of the same effect.

• They might say that the Doppler effect is like when you see a car approaching and then moving away. The color of the car seems to change because of the Doppler effect. Similarly, when they listen to a star moving away from Earth, the sound from the star changes volume because of the same effect.

• They might say that the Doppler effect is like when you feel a car approaching and then moving away. The speed of the car seems to change because of the Doppler effect. Similarly, when they touch a star moving away from Earth, the direction of the star seems to change because of the same effect.

• They might say that the Doppler effect is like when you smell a car approaching and then moving away. The size of the smell seems to change because of the Doppler effect. Similarly, when they taste a star moving away from Earth, the size of the taste seems to change because of the same effect.

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Sophia, Lily, and Aria are studying physics together. They are discussing the difference between a real image and a virtual image. Sophia says, 'A real image is formed when light rays converge, and can be projected onto a screen, like the image formed by a camera lens. A virtual image is formed when light rays diverge, and cannot be projected onto a screen, like the image seen in a mirror.' Is Sophia correct?

• Yes, Sophia is correct. A real image is formed when light rays converge, and can be projected onto a screen, such as the image formed by a camera lens. A virtual image is formed when light rays diverge, and cannot be projected onto a screen, such as the image seen in a mirror.

• No, Sophia is incorrect. A real image is formed when light rays diverge, and cannot be projected onto a screen, such as the image seen in a mirror. A virtual image is formed when light rays converge, and can be projected onto a screen, such as the image formed by a camera lens.

• No, Sophia is incorrect. A real image is always inverted, such as the image formed by a magnifying glass. A virtual image is always upright, such as the image seen in a rear-view mirror.

• No, Sophia is incorrect. A real image is always upright, such as the image seen in a rear-view mirror. A virtual image is always inverted, such as the image formed by a magnifying glass.

Energy can be

• Made

• Lost

• Destroyed

• Transferred

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