Medieval Europe

Mountains and rivers shaped European culture by

• separating cultures from one another

• leading to devastating weather

• allowing one group to dominate

• inspiring artists

What was the Hundred Years' War?

• a series of revolts by serfs

• the battle agains the plague

• a civil war in Germany

• war between England and France

Which city was added to the empire by Charlemagne by 814?

• Rome

• Paris

• Tours

• Aachen

Describe the relationship between lords and vassals in the feudal system.

• Lords provided land and protection, while vassals offered military service

• Vassals provided land and protection, while lords offered military service

• Lords and vassals were equal partners

• Vassals were independent of lords

Identify one major impact of the Crusades on Europe.

• Decline in religious influence

• Increased cultural exchange with the East

• Isolation from the rest of the world

• Decrease in trade

What was the basic structure of the feudal system in medieval Europe?

• A system where everyone was equal

• A hierarchy with kings at the top, followed by nobles, knights, and peasants

• A democracy where everyone voted for leaders

• A system where the church controlled everything

How did the church influence daily life in medieval Europe?

• By organizing sports events

• By controlling education and moral teachings

• By managing trade routes

• By building castles

Explain how the feudal system provided protection to its members.

• By building walls around villages

• By creating a network of mutual obligations between lords and vassals

• By hiring mercenaries from other countries

• By forming alliances with neighboring kingdoms

What was a significant scientific advancement in medieval Europe related to agriculture?

• The development of the three-field system

• The invention of the steam engine

• The discovery of penicillin

• The creation of the printing press

Which medieval European scientist is known for his work in optics and the study of light?

• Roger Bacon

• Isaac Newton

• Galileo Galilei

• Albert Einstein