Earth Science

The main difference between weather and climate is the

• time of year on Earth.

• amount of time we consider.

• where Earth is in its orbit.

• amount of sunlight reaching Earth

The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. The fundamental process of the water cycle can be modeled to illustrate the most important aspects of the natural phenomenon. The water cycle involves the exchange of energy, which leads to temperature changes. When water evaporates, energy is removed which cools the environment. When water condenses, it releases energy and warms the environment. In addition, the water cycle transfers water from one system to another. The water cycle purifies water, replenishes the land with freshwater, and transports minerals to different parts of the globe. But, most importantly the water cycle is crucial in the maintenance of life and the ecosystems of Earth. Study the diagram. What cause and effect prediction can be used to test the assumptions in the model?

• condensation will cause the temperature to decrease in the system

• evaporation does not effect temperature change in the system

• condensation does not effect temperature change in the system

• evaporation will cause the temperature to decrease in the system

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Which BEST describes the physical properties of the Earth’s core?

• semi-molten

• water and organic substances

• a solid lower part and a liquid upper part

• contains volcanic, sedimentary and granitic rocks

Fossils of a now extinct dinosaur have been found near the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa. The dinosaur could not swim or fly. What does this suggest about the continents of South America and Africa?

• The continents were once connected.

• A land bridge once connected the continents.

• The same type of animals evolved on both continents.

• Prehistoric man transported the dinosaur between the continents.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

What type of rock is formed from cooled lava or magma?

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• Igneous

• Crystal

What is the term for the spinning of the Earth on its axis?

• Revolution

• Rotation

• Orbiting

• Wobbling

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

This cold river of air travels from west to east in the northern hemisphere. Last winter, it dipped far south to bring cold air and snow to many southern states. This is the

• Hadley wind.

• polar jet stream.

• Arctic jet stream.

• tropical jet stream.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

The image is an aerial photograph. What is the geological feature shown?

• sand dunes deposited by the wind

• a canyon, created by the erosion

• the dry bed of an ancient river

• a large fault on Earth’s crust

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The ozone layer is in the upper portion of this part of the earth's atmosphere.

• ionosphere

• mesosphere

• stratosphere

• troposphere

Crustal plate movement occurs because the Earth's mantle flows as a result of uneven heating inside the mantle. Convection cells are created by very hot material deep in the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again, and then heating again and then repeating the cycle. This process occurs because of the energy generated by _________________ within the Earth.

• differences in densities

• solar radiation

• plate convergence

• radioactive decay of elements

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1