Cellular Differentiation

These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

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During the non-dividing stage of its life cycle, a cell becomes specialized when -

• The homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA

• One allele is masked by the presence of the other

• A specific gene, or set of genes, is activated

• The nuclear membrane disappears

Which of the following correctly describes cell differentiation?

• A cellular process by which cells change and specialize

• A cellular process that takes place only during a dividing phase of the cell

• A cellular process by which the cell produces two daughter cells

• A cellular process thatr takes place during meiosis

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The process of cell differentiation occurs during -

• anaphase, or G2

• telophase or cytokinesis

• interphase or G0

• metaphase or G1

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Embryonic (a)   cells can give rise to almost any type of cell.

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An epithelial cell is -

• unspecialized cell

• specialized animal cell

• specialized plant cell

• stem cell

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Select all the answers below that correctly describe structure and function in cells.

• The structure of a specialized animal cell enables it to do its job

• Function is the role the cell performs in the organism

• Structure is the size and shape of the cell

• All specialized cells have similar structure and function

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A cell that is not yet specialized is called a (a)   cell.

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What is cellular differentiation?

• A process where cells become specialized in structure and function

• A process where cells divide into two identical cells

• A process where cells lose their function

• A process where cells die

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Which of the following is a key factor in cellular differentiation?

• The presence of specific transcription factors

• The size of the cell

• The age of the organism

• The temperature of the environment

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