Understanding Lamarckism and Natural Selection

Lamarckism is a two-part idea. The first part states that an organism responds to environmental change by changing its behavior. This behavior causes changes in the organism's organs to create "improved" structures. What is the second part of Lamarckism?

• These acquired changes will not be passed on to the next generation.

• As the environment changes, the organism will continue to change.

• These acquired changes will be passed on to the next generation.

• These new characteristics will change back to their original states over time.

Which of the following statements does not describe part of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's ideas?

• Gradual change of species might take place.

• Species go extinct.

• The environment plays a role in shaping species.

• Species continually become more complex.

Larry and Brenda fell in love over their hobbies of working out and lifting weights. They married in 2019. They go to the gym together every day, and over time, they have developed large muscles. Brenda is pregnant and will have a baby in five months. How would Jean-Baptiste Lamarck expect their new child to look?

• The baby would weigh 8 pounds and 15 ounces.

• The baby would be born with hair.

• The baby would have blue eyes.

• The baby would have large muscles.

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A frog protects its frog spawn or frog eggs. Species such as insects, fish, and frogs produce more offspring than the environment can hold. This means that they produce more offspring than can survive. The more offspring they produce, the greater the chances that some offspring will survive and pass along the parent's genetic traits. Which factor that affects natural selection is described above?

• Overproduction

• Variation

• Competition

• Location

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The túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus) lives in Central America and northern South America. Male túngara frogs have specialized vocal sacs that vibrate to produce a mating song. The male túngara frog sings a mating call to attract female túngara frogs. When the female hears a mating call she likes, she will use the call to locate the male. Which factor that affects natural selection is described above?

• Overproduction

• Variation

• Competition

• Location

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Match the following concepts with their corresponding theories.

• Darwinism

• Natural selection

• Modern synthesis

• Genetic mutation

• Social Darwinism

• Inheritance of acquired traits

• Lamarckism

• Survival of the fittest

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According to Lamarck, organisms adapt to their environment by (a)  

• Through random genetic mutations
• By acquiring traits during their li
• By competing for resources
• Through natural selection

What did Lamarck believe about the complexity of species over time?

• Species become less complex over time.

• Species remain the same complexity over time.

• Species become more complex over time.

• Species complexity is random.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects natural selection?

• Overproduction

• Variation

• Competition

• Inheritance of acquired traits

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The main difference between Lamarckism and Darwinism is that (a)   involves the inheritance of acquired traits, while (b)   involves natural selection.

• Lamarckism involves natural selecti
• Lamarckism involves the inheritance
• Lamarckism involves genetic mutatio
• Lamarckism and Darwinism are the sa

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