One constraint (restriction or obstruction) of solutions to maintain the health of ecosystems is –

• It is expensive.

• It is sometimes difficult to regulate human activities.

• It can be difficult to control species.

• All of the above

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What ecological services do plants provide that help Earth’s biodiversity?

• Plants help slow the effects of weathering and erosion.

• Plants are used to make many medicines that are used to treat diseases in people and animals.

• Plants provide all of these ecological services.

• Plants maintain the balance of gases in the air through photosynthesis, supplying oxygen for humans and animals.

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The ecosystem with the greatest biodiversity is the one that has the greatest:

• variety of living things.

• average annual rainfall.

• coverage of land area.

• elevation above sea level.

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Changes to an ecosystem’s biodiversity can have a direct effect on humans because humans –

• inhabit all areas of the Earth’s ecosystems.

• use minerals from the ground to make things

• rely mostly on solar power for energy.

• depend on the Earth’s natural resources.

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The chart below lists data on four different projects designed to restore a wetlands habitat destroyed by human activity and a recent hurricane.

(See attached table)

The project that will be chosen will have to be low in cost, benefit the greatest number of species, and be popular with the local citizens whose taxes will sponsor it. Based on the data and the criteria given, which project will be chosen?

• Project 1

• Project 2

• Project 3

• Project 4

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Nitrogen pollution enters Earth’s freshwater resources from a variety of human activities, including the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. This nitrogen pollution has a negative effect on plants and animals living in fresh water. Certain wetland plants, however, are able to purify the water and restore it to its non-polluted state. Which of the following would most likely increase the negative effects of nitrogen pollution?

• Using fertilizers that do not contain nitrogen

• Loss of biodiversity in the wetlands

• Increase of biodiversity in the wetlands

• The introduction of a new species of plant

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Human activity can destroy coral reefs. Because so many organisms depend on the coral, this can have a negative effect on the ecosystem in shallow ocean waters. Which of the following solutions will most likely offer the best way for humans to repair the damage and improve the health of this ecosystem?

• Introduce non-native species into the shallow ocean that don’t depend on coral

• Design nets to catch the kinds of fish that use coral reefs as a food source

• Submerge large structures on which new coral reefs can form and grow

• Use submarines to gather data on the amount of coral reefs lost each year

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The arrows in the picture below show several ways heat is transferred from the Sun as it strikes sand on the surface of a beach. Which arrow shows radiation?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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The arrows in the picture below show several ways heat is transferred from the Sun as it strikes sand on the surface of a beach. Which 2 arrows show conduction?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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A land breeze originates from the _______________ and blows towards the ____________________.

• sea, land

• left, right

• right, left

• land, sea