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Earth is made up of several layers, as shown in the illustration below. Which layer is hottest?

• a. crust

• b. mantle

• c. outer core

• d. inner core

Earth’s mantle plays an important role in plate tectonics. Why is the mantle so important to this process?

• a

• b

• c

• d

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Earth is composed of many metallic elements. Which layer of Earth contains the greatest amounts of dense,
solid iron and nickel?

• a

• b

• c

• d

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Based on the way in which seismic waves travel through the interior of Earth, scientists have determined that

Earth’s layers may be solid or liquid. Which of the following statements about Earth’s layers is true?

• a

• b

• c

• d

Interactions between layers of Earth cause convection currents to move crustal plates. The diagram below shows four layers of Earth. In which layer of Earth are the convection currents that directly result in tectonic plate motion found?

• a

• b

• c

• d

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

What happens at a convergent boundary?

• Plates slide past each other

• Plates move apart

• Plates sink beneath each other

• Plates collide and are forced together

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

What is plate tectonics?

• Scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere

• The study of different types of plates used in cooking

• The process of creating decorative designs on plates

• The practice of using plates to balance energy in the body

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which type of plate boundary is responsible for the formation of mountains?

• Divergent plate boundary

• Subduction plate boundary

• Convergent plate boundary

• Transform plate boundary

What is an earthquake?

• A sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by volcanic activity.

• A sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by strong winds.

• A sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by human activities.

• A sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

What is the Richter scale used for?

• Determining the wind speed of tornadoes

• Calculating the depth of ocean waves

• Measuring the intensity of hurricanes

• Measuring the magnitude of earthquakes