Big Bang/Gravity TCAP Review

How would the gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon change if the Moon was twice as far away?

• The force would increase.

• The force would be the same.

• The force would decrease.

• The force would disappear.

A student has six balls of different colors and masses as shown in the table. The student keeps the blue and the green balls 5 cm apart and now wishes to replace the green ball with a different ball so that the gravitational force increases. Which ball would create the greatest gravitational force between itself and the blue ball?

• orange ball

• red ball

• violet ball

• yellow ball

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Two asteroids, M1 and M2, are orbiting each other in space with a fixed orbital radius. A third asteroid collides with M2, moving M2 farther away from M1 but not affecting the mass of M2. What can be concluded about the amount of gravitational attraction between M1 and M2 after the collision, and why?

• The gravitational attraction between M1 and M2 is higher after the collision because the distance between the two asteroids increases.

• The gravitational attraction between M1 and M2 is lower after the collision because the distance between the two asteroids increases.

• The gravitational attraction between M1 and M2 is higher after the collision because the mass of the two asteroids remains the same.

• The gravitational attraction between M1 and M2 is lower after the collision because the mass of the two asteroids remains the same.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

Planets X and Y orbit each other in space. Which changes would have the greatest effect on increasing the gravitational attraction between the two planets?

• Doubling the mass of planet X and halving the distance between the planets

• Doubling the mass of planet Y and doubling the distance between the planets

• Halving the mass of planet X and doubling the distance between the planets

• Halving the mass of planet Y and halving the distance between the planets

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

The diagram shows four planets orbiting a star. The distance and mass of each planet varies. Which planet has the greatest gravitational force?

• W

• X

• Y

• Z

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

In the diagrams shown, the mass of each star is the same. Given the mass of each planet and the relative distance, which planet has the greatest force of gravity between it and the star?

• planet W

• planet X

• planet Y

• planet Z

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

A teacher writes the description shown on the board. Three celestial bodies, X, Y, and Z are present in the solar system in such a way that X revolves around Y, Y revolves around Z, and Z is located at the center of the solar system. Which option best identifies X, Y, and Z?

• X: planet; Y: asteroid; Z: star

• X: moon; Y: comet; Z: planet

• X: moon; Y: planet; Z: star

• X: planet; Y: moon; Z: star

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

A scientist studies the light from a distant galaxy. The light from the galaxy shows a shift to longer wavelengths. What can the scientist conclude about the galaxy?

• The galaxy is orbiting faster than the Milky Way.

• The galaxy is moving closer to Earth.

• The galaxy is stationary in the universe.

• The galaxy is moving farther away from Earth.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

A researcher studies the light emitted by a distant star. The researcher finds that the light received from the star falls slightly closer to the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum when compared to a similar source closer to Earth. The researcher claims that the star is moving away from Earth. Is the researcher correct?

• No. All hot stars emit red-colored light.

• Yes. All moving objects emit red-colored light.

• No. The red-colored light emission is due to the composition of the star.

• Yes. Light from any object moving away from Earth shifts to red-colored light.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

A student creates a model by placing raisins in bread dough and allowing the dough to rise for several hours. The student claims that the model accurately describes the motion of the galaxies in the universe. What evidence from the model supports the student’s claim?

• As the dough rises, the size of the raisins increases, resembling the expansion of the galaxies.

• As the dough rises, the distance between the raisins decreases, indicating that the galaxies will collide.

• As the dough rises, the size of the raisins decreases, resembling the emission of light from stars.

• As the dough rises, the distance between the raisins increases, indicating that the galaxies are moving apart.