Thermodynamics

Which of the following situations best illustrates the first law of thermodynamics?

• A pot of water is placed on a stove, and heat energy is transferred to the water causing its temperature to rise.

• A car engine burns fuel, converting chemical energy into both mechanical work and heat.

• A refrigerator absorbs heat from its interior, cooling the contents inside while expelling heat to the surroundings.

• A solar panel converts sunlight into electrical energy to power a house, with some energy lost as heat in the process.

Which scenario exemplifies the second law of thermodynamics?

• A cup of hot coffee placed on a table eventually cools down to room temperature.

• A refrigerator operates by transferring heat from its interior to the warmer surroundings.

• A block of ice melts in a glass of water, absorbing heat from the liquid.

• Heat flows from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object spontaneously.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

What does entropy primarily measure in a system?

• The total energy content.

• The temperature of the system

• The amount of available energy for work

• The degree of disorder or randomness

What is heat?

• Thermal energy at rest

• Thermal energy in motion

• Electrical energy

• Chemical energy

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

How is temperature defined?

• Total energy per molecule

• Average kinetic energy per molecule

• Potential energy per molecule

• Mechanical energy

What does zero degrees Kelvin represent?

• Maximum heat

• Absolute zero

• Maximum temperature

• Infinite motion

What does the second law of thermodynamics primarily concern?

• Conservation of energy

• Directionality of heat transfer

• Relationship between pressure and volume

• Behavior of ideal gases

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Which process involves the transfer of heat through the direct contact of adjacent molecules?

• Convection

• Radiation

• Sublimation

• Conduction

Which of the following is an example of convection?

• Placing a metal spoon in a hot cup of tea

• Heating a pan on a stove

• Warm air rising from a radiator

• Melting of ice cubes on a hot pavement

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-3

the amount of heat 

required to change the temperature of one unit of mass by 1°C.

• thermal energy

• absolute zero

• specific heat capacity

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4