Ecology

In this food chain, how many types of primary consumers (herbivores) are included?

• 0

• 1

• 2

• 3

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How do you think this food web would be affected if the plants were eliminated?

• Only the fungi would survive.

• Birds and nematodes would thrive.

• The food web would completely collapse.

• The food web would produce more bacteria to compensate.

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Guide to food chain (top to bottom): osprey, pike, perch, smelt, freshwater shrimp. Which population would show the quickest increase if perch were eliminated from the food chain ?

• pike

• smelt

• osprey

• freshwater shrimp

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In 1859, two dozen rabbits were introduced to Australia. By 1953, there were an estimated one billion rabbits in Australia. The addition of the rabbits to this established ecosystem caused many problems, including a huge decrease in native plants. This left little food for native animals. This is an example of how

• diversity improves an established ecosystem.

• genetic variation leads to the formation of a new species.

• the introduction of non-native species upsets a balanced system.

• changing in one part of a system does not affect other parts of the system.

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The following statement is a hypothesis formed about marsh grass: 
If the amount of nitrogen marsh grass receives is increased, then the height of the grass will increase, because nitrogen is an essential nutrient needed for marsh grass to grow.
What is the independent variable of the statement above? 

• Height of grass

• Amount of nitrogen

• Essential nutrient

• Amount of growth

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Which sphere of the Earth includes all living organisms?

• Atmosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

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What is the role of decomposers in an Ecosystem? 

• They recycle matter and nutrients to form fossil fuels

• They are burn and release as carbon dioxide

• Decomposers are responsible to turn oxygen into carbon dioxide

• They recycle energy back to the sun

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A deceased body was found in the snow this will cause a ​ (a)   insect activity, and in the decomposition process.

• decrease

• increase

• not effect

• speed up

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Populations of organisms that are introduced into a new habitat and reproduce very rapidly are known as _____________ species.

• endemic

• predatory

• invasive

• parasitic

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In the mid-1980's, zebra mussels were introduced into the Great Lake region of the United States where they rapidly reproduced; females can produce up to one million eggs per year. All BUT one situation would be a problem caused by the introduction of this invasive species. That is

• damage to boats, harbors, and docks.

• helping other species of mussels thrive and grow in size.

• damage to water treatment plants by clogging up the intakes.

• out competing native species for food, leading to a decrease in their population.

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