AP Biology Energy Review

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes?

• To store genetic information

• To provide structural support for cells

• To facilitate energy coupling and power cellular processes

• To act as a catalyst for chemical reactions

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

A researcher proposes a model of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in which a reactant is converted to a product. The model is based on the idea that the reactant passes through a transition state within the enzyme-substrate complex before the reactant is converted to the product. Which of the following statements best helps explain how the enzyme speeds up the reaction?

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the reactant, which decreases the free-energy change of the reaction.

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the transition state, which decreases the activation energy of the reaction.

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the product, which increases the amount of energy released by the reaction.

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes both the reactant and the product at the same time, which increases the reaction’s equilibrium constant.

The dark reactions yields which products below that are then used as reactants in the light reactions? The light reaction yields which products below that are then used as reactants in the dark reactions? Select all that apply.

Groups:

(a) Dark Reactions to Light Reactions

,

(b) Light Reactions to Dark Reactions

• ADP + P

• ATP

• NADP+

• NADPH

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under several different conditions. Which of the following best describes the cellular location where pyruvate dehydrogenase is most likely active?

• The cytosol

• The lysosomes

• The nucleus

• The mitochondrial matrix

Match the following information to exergonic or endergonic reactions.

Groups:

(a) Exergonic

,

(b) Endergonic

• ex - amino acids link to form muscle protein

• 
• Degradative (breaks down) pathway

• ex - digestive enzymes break down food

• anabolic reactions

• ex - photosynthesis

• requires energy

• • Constructive (building) pathway

• 
• ex - cellular respiration

• catabolic reactions

• releases energy

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Label the following

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

sunlight

ETC

Photosystem I

NADPH and ATP

Glucose

water

CO2

Oxygen

NADP+ and ADP

Photosystem II

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Label the following

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

ETC

ATP

CO2

Glucose

NADH

Krebs Cycle

Pyruvate

FADH2

Glycolysis

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Reorder the following by how many phosphates it has.

• AMP

• ATP

• ADP

​ (a)   Law of Thermodynamics says ​ (b)   but ​ (c)   . ​ (d)   Law of Thermodynamics says ​ (e)   .

• First

• energy can be transferred and transformed

• energy can't be created or destroyed

• Second

• during every energy transfer, some is lost as heat

• Energy can be created from nothing

• The laws of thermodynamics only apply to gases

• Energy transfer is 100% efficient

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

A researcher claims that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increased growth rates in plants.  Which of the following statements best supports the researcher’s claim?

• Atmospheric carbon dioxide is produced by the burning of fossil fuels, which are formed from the remains of living organisms such as plants.

• Atmospheric carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration, which is a metabolic process that occurs in plants and other living organisms.

• Atmospheric carbon dioxide typically enters plant leaves through stomata, which plants rely on for regulating gas exchange with the atmosphere.

• Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5