AP Biology Energy Review

What does induced fit mean?

• Induced fit is a model describing how enzymes adjust their shape to better fit a substrate upon binding.

• Induced fit refers to the process of enzyme denaturation.

• Induced fit is a term used to describe the static nature of enzyme-substrate complexes.

• Induced fit means that enzymes cannot change shape during the reaction.

Which of the following can affect enzymes? Select all that apply.

• Temperature

• pH

• Salinity

• Presence of Inhibitors

• Substrate Concentration

Match the following information to the correct place.

Groups:

(a) Aerobic

,

(b) Anaerobic

• • Occurs in the cytosol/cytoplasm

• with O2

• makes little ATP

• fermentation

• Keep glycolysis going by regenerating NAD+

• without O2

• makes lots of ATP

• Occurs mainly in the mitochondria

• respiration

• Release energy from breakdown of food

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Match the following information to the correct fermentation

Groups:

(a) Alcohol

,

(b) Lactic Acid

• Makes lactic acid

• Used to make cheese, yogurt, acetone, methanol

• Makes ethanol

• • Used in brewing, winemaking, baking

• Ex. fungi, bacteria, human muscle cells

• Examples: bacteria, yeast

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which of the following best explains how the properties of water contribute to this physiological process?

• The high specific heat capacity of water allows the body to absorb a large amount of excess heat energy.

• The high heat of vaporization of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from liquid to gas.

• The high surface tension of water contributes to the physical process by which water leaves the body.

• The high melting temperature of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from solid to liquid.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Name the functional groups in this ATP molecule.

a

b

c

amino

carbonyl

phosphate

carboxyl

hydroxyl

sulfhydryl

methyl

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

• Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable

• Hydrolysis creates polymers by adding water, and dehydration reactions break down polymers by taking away water

• Dehydration reactions assemble polymers by taking away water, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers by adding water

• Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers

Match the following information to the correct biomolecule.

Groups:

(a) Carbohydrate

,

(b) Lipid

,

(c) Protein

,

(d) Nucleic Acid

• Ex - keratin, hemoglobin, casein,

• monomer - amino acids

• Ex - DNA, RNA

• Main function - store, transmit, adn express hereditary information

• Ex - fats, waxes, triglycerides

• Main function - long term energy storage

• Structure - phospate, base, sugar

• monomer - nucleotides

• polymer - polysaccharides

• polymer - lipids

• Structure - primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

• monomer - glycerol

• Main function - main energy storage

• polymer - polypeptides

• Structure - 1:2 ratio of C and H in long chains

• Structure - hexagonal ring

• polymer - nucleic acids

• monomer - monosaccharides

• Main function - enzymes, messengers, structural support, etc.

• Ex - starch, glucose, sucrose

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Label the types of bonds present in the image.

a

b

Covalent bond

Hydrogen bond

ionic bond

According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have evolved through a symbiotic relationship originating when an early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed a prokaryotic cell. Which of the following does NOT represent a piece of evidence to support this theory?

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own protein synthesis machinery

• Mitochondrial and chloroplast chromosomes are surrounded by a single layer of membrane

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts can self-replicate