2.2.5

Describe the endosymbiotic theory in relation to mitochondria.

• Mitochondria evolved from a photosynthetic bacterium.

• Mitochondria originated from an energy-producing bacterium.

• Mitochondria were originally part of the endomembrane system.

• Mitochondria evolved from a eukaryotic cell.

Analyze why mitochondria and chloroplasts have reduced genomes compared to their ancestors.

• They lost unnecessary genes over time.

• Most of their genes were transferred to the nucleus.

• They do not require DNA for their functions.

• They evolved to become more efficient.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Evaluate the role of internal membranes in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

• They provide structural support.

• They increase surface area for metabolic reactions.

• They store genetic information.

• They are involved in cell division.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

• Energy production through cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis to produce glucose

• Protein synthesis

• Lipid storage

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which letter represents amplitude? (a)  

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

What are the two semi-autonomous organelles mentioned in the video?

• Ribosomes and lysosomes

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts

• Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

• Nucleus and nucleolus

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

• They are part of the endomembrane system.

• They contain their own DNA.

• They have many internal membranes.

• They can reproduce independently.

Explain how mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria.

• They have a double membrane structure.

• They reproduce through binary fission.

• They are involved in protein synthesis.

• They are part of the endomembrane system.

What is the significance of mitochondrial DNA in evolutionary studies?

• It is identical to nuclear DNA.

• It helps track evolutionary history.

• It is responsible for protein synthesis.

• It makes up the majority of the cell's DNA.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which organelle is thought to have arisen first according to the endosymbiotic theory?

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria

• Peroxisomes

• Ribosomes

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2