Earth NGSSS Standards Exam

The Earth system is made up of many spheres and these spheres interact. Trace that interaction as seen in the diagram. Plants (__________) draw water (___________) and nutrients from the soil (___________) and release water vapor into the atmosphere.

• biosphere; hydrosphere; geosphere

• hydrosphere; biosphere; geosphere

• biosphere; atmosphere; hydrosphere

• cryosphere; biosphere; hydrosphere

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The managers of a ski resort keep track of how much snow falls in their city. They often study the snowfall graphs for their city. Today, they are studying the two graphs shown below. 

Which graph best represents the city’s weather, and which graph best represents the city’s climate?

• Graph 1 best represents the city's climate, and Graph 2 best represents the city's weather.

• Graph 1 best represents the city's weather, and Graph 2 best represents the city's climate.

• Both graphs are a good representation of the city’s current weather.

• Both graphs are a good representation of the city’s climate.

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The hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet, including water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice. On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes and rivers. It also exists below ground as groundwater in wells and aquifers. Water vapor is most visible as clouds and fog. The frozen part of Earth's hydrosphere is made of ice: glaciers, ice caps and icebergs. Water moves through the hydrosphere in a cycle, collecting in clouds and falling to Earth as precipitation. Water collects in rivers, lakes and oceans, then evaporating into the atmosphere to start the cycle all over again.

According to the graph, where is the majority of the Earth's water found?

• oceans

• glaciers

• freshwater rivers

• water vapor in the atmosphere

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Deep ocean currents move warm water from the ice caps towards the East Coast. The map above shows the path of the Gulf Stream current. The East Coast is indicated by a star.  

What effect would the Gulf Stream, a warm surface current, have on the climate of a coastal city on the East Coast?

• The area would be cooler and drier.

• Only deep-ocean currents affect climate.

• The area would be warmer and wetter.

• The Gulf Stream waters cool off before they reach the East Coast.

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Tabitha burned her hand while pulling out toast from the toaster. Her dad told her to place her burnt hand under cool running water. Slowly, the burn started to cool down and hurt less.

Which process caused her hand to cool down?

• Heat transfer through radiation
• Heat transfer through conduction
• Heat transfer through convection
• Heat transfer through evaporation

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Below is an image of convection currents moving in a pot of water being heated over a stove.

How does this model relate to Earth’s air currents?

• Hot air always travels downwards towards the Earth similar to the water in the pot.

• Earth’s air currents also move due to convection caused by uneven heating.

• Earth’s air currents are caused by the heating and cooling of water vapor.

• The Coriolis effect causes warm air to rise and cool air to sink.

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How does the sun provide energy to drive the earth's weather phenomena?

• Temperate conduction from the sun drives the weather.

• The sun's UV radiation warms the air, land, and water.

• Emissions from the sun define the earth's energy core.

• Gamma dispersion cools the atmosphere, land, and water.

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As atmospheric gases warm, they will rise up higher in the atmosphere. The opposite is also true: as atmospheric gases cool down, the air will sink. This occurs over and over and the air is heated and cooled. 

Which of these is the main factor that would contribute to this constant movement of the air?

• density

• mass

• matter

• electricity

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Layla was glad that she remembered to bring her flip-flops to the beach. It was a bright day and the sand was hot! But at night, she could take off her flip-flops and walk barefoot.

Why was the sand much cooler at night than during the day?

• There was more wind.

• There was no sunlight.

• There were fewer people.

• There were bigger waves.

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Pure water has a pH level of 7 and is considered neutral on a pH scale, while typical rain water has a pH that is slightly less than 6. According to the precipitation data illustrated on the map of the United States, what can you conclude about the rain in MOST areas of the United States?

• It is mostly basic.

• It is mostly acidic.

• It is typical of rainwater.

• It has an average pH near neutral.

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