Unit 6 AP Biology Review

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of the following except

• a gene from an organism could theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

• all organisms have a common ancestor.

• DNA was the first genetic material.

• the same codons in different organisms usually translate into the same amino acids.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?

• 3ʹ → 5ʹ along the template strand

• 3ʹ → 5ʹ along the coding (sense) strand

What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

• introns

• exons

Introns are significant to biological evolution because

• their presence allows exons to be shuffled.

• they protect the mRNA from degeneration.

A mutation in which of the following parts of a gene is likely to be most damaging to a cell?

• intron

• exon

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Alternative RNA splicing

• is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription.

• can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA

When does translation begin in prokaryotic cells?

• as soon as transcription has begun

• once the pre-mRNA has been converted to mRNA

Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of proteinʹs activity?

• It might substitute an amino acid in the active site.

• It might exchange one stop codon for another stop codon.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A frameshift mutation could result from

• a base insertion only.

• either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

• a base deletion only.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What does the operon model attempt to explain?

• the coordinated control of gene expression in bacteria

• the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell