Weathering and Erosion

The accompanying diagram shows what happens to a rock within a stream's erosional-depositional system as time passes. Which process of change is best represented by the sequence shown in the diagram?

• a) deposition

• b) metamorphism

• c) condensation

• d) weathering

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The cross section above shows sedimentary bedrock layers A, B, C and D exposed at Earth's surface. Which layer appears to be least resistant to weathering?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Base your answer to the following question on the graph above, which shows the average yearly precipitation and temperature have on the type of weathering that will occur in a particular region. The amount to chemical weathering will increase if

• a) air temperature decreases and precipitation decreases

• b) air temperature decreases and precipitation increases

• c) air temperature increases and precipitation decreases

• d) air temperature increases and precipitation increases

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The diagram above shows four magnified block-shaped sandstone samples labeled A, B, C and D. Each sandstone sample contains quartz grains of different sizes and shapes. The quartz grains are held together by hematite cement. In which sample did the quartz grains undergo the most abrasion during erosional transport?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

A root that cracks a rock as it grows is an example of ​
​ (a)  

• Mechanical Weathering

• Chemical Weathering

Answer explanation

The root cracking the rock is an example of Mechanical Weathering, which involves physical processes like roots growing, causing rocks to break apart.

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HS-ESS2-2

Base your answer to the following question on the graph above, which shows the average yearly precipitation and temperature have on the type of weathering that will occur in a particular region. Which type of weathering is most common where the average yearly temperature is 5 degrees celsius and and the average yearly temperature is 45 cm?

• a) moderate chemical weathering

• b) very slight weathering

• c) moderate chemical weathering with frost action

• d) slight frost action

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The two photographs below show dates on tombstones found in a cemetery in St. Remy, New York. The tombstones were 5 meters apart and both faced north. Tombstone A had dates cut into the rock in 1922 . Tombstone B had dates cut into the rock in 1892. Which statement best explains why the dates are more difficult to read on tombstone A than on tombstone B?

• Tombstone A is composed of minerals less resistant to weathering than tombstone B

• Tombstone A has undergone a longer period of weathering than tombstone B

• Tombstone A experienced cooler temperatures than tombstone B

• Tombstone A was exposed to less acid rain than tombstone B.

Which event is an example of chemical weathering?

• a) rocks falling off the face of a steep cliff

• b) feldspar in granite being crushed into clay-sized particles

• c) water freezing in cracks in a roadside outcrop

• d) acid rain reacting with limestone bedrock

Which characteristic would most likely remain constant when a limestone cobble is subjected to extensive abrasion?

• a) shape

• b) mass

• c) volume

• d) composition

When water seeps into cracks of rocks, freezes then expands it wedges apart the rock and is called...

• Oxidation

• Biological weathering

• Exfoliation

• Frost Wedging

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2