Quiz about Evidence of Ancestral Relationships

Question 1

Some scientists think that all life evolved from a common ancestor. Which provides evidence that this may be true?

Accepted Answer

homologous structures of organisms

Answer

analogous structures of organisms

Answer

extinction of many varieties of plant species

Answer

existence of many varieties of bacteria species

Question 2

Two organisms have homologous structures. Which can most likely be concluded about the two organisms?

Accepted Answer

They share a common ancestor.

Answer

They are unrelated.

Answer

They are the same organism.

Answer

They evolved in a similar environment.

Question 3

It is possible to hypothesize how a particular group of organisms evolved by arranging fossils in a chronological sequence. Where would the oldest fossils be found?

Accepted Answer

the deepest rock layer

Answer

the most shallow rock layer

Answer

the rock layer with the greatest variety of fossils

Answer

the rock layer containing fossils with the most complex structures

Question 4

Which organisms are most closely related based on comparison of anatomical structures?

Accepted Answer

pig and human

Answer

jellyfish and clam

Answer

snake and worm

Answer

bid and bee

Question 5

Given the similarities of the these organisms early in their developments, this would be evidence for which statement?

Accepted Answer

They share a common ancestor

Answer

They are not related

Answer

They are very closely related

Answer

This diagram tells us nothing

Question 6

Which fossil shows a skull for an organism that is most likely the ancestor for the organisms selected in the previous question?

Accepted Answer

b

Answer

a

Answer

c

Answer

d

Question 7

Which best helps scientists explore the relationship between modern organisms and ancestral species to create a system of biological classification?

Accepted Answer

fossils

Answer

volcanic ash

Answer

DNA evidence

Answer

igneous rock layers

Question 8

Which is true about fossils?

Accepted Answer

Fossils provide the evidence for the Theory of Evolution.

Answer

Fossils provide the evidence for the Law of Gravity.

Answer

Fossils provide the evidence for the Laws of Motion.

Question 9

Based on the fossil record, which organisms were most likely to have existed first?

Accepted Answer

bacteria

Answer

plants

Answer

insects

Answer

jellyfish

Question 10

Organisms who are evolutionarily closer are most likely found at which taxonomic level?

Accepted Answer

Family

Answer

Kingdom

Answer

Phylum

Answer

Order

Question 11

What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

homologous structures

Answer

vestigial structures

Answer

embryology

Answer

fossil record

Question 12

Two organisms that are closely related would have

Accepted Answer

very similar DNA sequence

Answer

exactly the same DNA sequences

Answer

no proteins in common

Answer

completely different DNA sequence

Question 13

What is a structure that is similar across species?

Accepted Answer

homologous

Answer

vestigial

Answer

adaptaion

Answer

variation

Question 14

What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

fossil record

Answer

vestigial structures

Answer

homologous structures

Answer

embryology

Question 15

The picture shows a/an ___________

Accepted Answer

vestigial structure

Answer

homologous structure

Question 16

According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to:

Accepted Answer

Species IV

Answer

Species I

Answer

Species II

Answer

Species III

Question 17

How can evolutionary relationships among organisms be determined by comparing embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Embryos of more closely related organisms show greater similarities in development.

Answer

Embryos retrace their ancestral stages during embryonic development.

Answer

Embryos that develop inside eggs lack similarities to placental mammals.

Answer

Both fish and humans have a two chambered heart in an early stage of development.

Question 18

Which of the following provide evidence for evolution? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

physical features

Accepted Answer

molecular features, such as DNA

Accepted Answer

geographical information

Accepted Answer

fossils

Question 19

Lions and ocelots have retractable claws, but foxes do not. We can conclude that

Accepted Answer

lions and ocelots are more closely related than lions and foxes.

Answer

lions and foxes are more closely related than lions and ocelots.

Answer

the unretractable fox claw is a derived characteristic.

Answer

foxes are completely unrelated to lions or ocelots.

Question 20

Which of the following provides the strongest evidence for the theory of common ancestry among different species?

Accepted Answer

B) Homologous structures

Answer

A) Analogous structures

Answer

C) Vestigial structures

Answer

D) Convergent evolution

Question 21

What can be inferred if two species have a high degree of similarity in their DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

B) They share a recent common ancestor

Answer

A) They evolved in similar environments

Answer

C) They are the same species

Answer

D) They have similar dietary habits

Question 22

Which type of evidence is used to determine the evolutionary relationship between extinct species and modern species?

Accepted Answer

B) Fossil records

Answer

A) Radioactive dating

Answer

C) Climate data

Answer

D) Ocean currents

Question 23

How do embryological similarities provide evidence for evolutionary relationships?

Accepted Answer

B) They indicate that embryos of different species have similar developmental stages

Answer

A) They show that embryos of different species develop in the same environment

Answer

C) They prove that all species have a common ancestor

Answer

D) They demonstrate that embryonic development is identical across species

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure that supports the theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

B) The tailbone in humans

Answer

A) The wings of a bat

Answer

C) The fins of a fish

Answer

D) The beak of a bird

Evidence of Ancestral Relationships

25 questions

Some scientists think that all life evolved from a common ancestor. Which provides evidence that this may be true?

Two organisms have homologous structures. Which can most likely be concluded about the two organisms?

It is possible to hypothesize how a particular group of organisms evolved by arranging fossils in a chronological sequence. Where would the oldest fossils be found?

Which organisms are most closely related based on comparison of anatomical structures?

Select all the images that provide evidence for common ancestry.

Given the similarities of the these organisms early in their developments, this would be evidence for which statement?

Which fossil shows a skull for an organism that is most likely the ancestor for the organisms selected in the previous question?

Which best helps scientists explore the relationship between modern organisms and ancestral species to create a system of biological classification?

Which is true about fossils?

Based on the fossil record, which organisms were most likely to have existed first?

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