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The Papillon (PAP ee yawn) is a lively breed of very small dogs that love to do tricks and follow their owners everywhere. The dogs pictured are both Papillons. A Papillon with drop ears is called a Phalene (fah LEHN). In French, Papillon means “butterfly” and Phalene means “moth.” Paintings and historical records show that hundreds of years ago, all Papillons were Phalenes. If Papillons were only bred to other Papillons, then how could the variety with stand-up ears first appear?

• The allele for stand-up ears could be recessive, so it wouldn’t show up until later.

• Recent improvements in nutrition could cause the dogs’ ears to stand up with no genetic change.

• Stand-up ears could provide more fitness to Papillons.

• A random mutation during meiosis could have created the first puppies with stand-up ears.

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What is a mutation?

• any change that is harmful to an organism

• any change in a gene or chromosome

• any change that is helpful to an organism

• any change in the phenotype of a cell

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What change of state is happening in the picture?

• solid to liquid

• gas to liquid

• liquid to solid

• liquid to gas

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When we heated the chocolate bars in class, what was the first change of state that occurred?

• solid to liquid

• liquid to gas

• solid to gas

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List the steps of the scientific method

d

e

f

c

b

a

Ask a question

Analyze results

Form a hypothesis

Draw conclusions

Conduct experiment

Communicate results

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How are the molecules of a solid arranged?

• very spread out

• slightly spread out

• tightly packed

What happens when air is cooled down?

• The molecules speed up and spread out.

• The molecules slow down and move closer together.

• The molecules stay the same speed and move closer together.

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What is happening to the balloon?

• The balloon is being compressed, so the air molecules move closer together making the balloon smaller.

• The balloon is inflating because the molecules are bigger than they were taking up more space.

• The balloon is expanding, so the air molecules move further apart making the balloon smaller.

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Why can you smell the cookies more than before they were baked?

• Thermal energy was removed by the oven causing the cookie dough to change from a liquid to a solid.

• Thermal energy was added by the oven causing some of the cookie dough to change from a solid, to liquid, to gas.

• Thermal energy was added causing the cookies to melt.

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What is evaporation?

• solid changes to a gas

• liquid changes to a gas

• gas changes to a liquid

• solid changes to a liquid

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