Evolution Study Guide

A researcher hypothesizes that humans, mice, and bats evolved from a common ancestor. Which evidence supports the researcher's hypothesis?

• These three species have homologous structures.

• These three species are omnivores.

• These three species are multicellular.

• These three species have analogous structures.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The diagram shows early embryological stages of a reptile, a bird, and a human. What do the similarities among the embryos suggest?

• The organisms have the same genetic structure.

• The organisms evolved from a common ancestor.

• The organisms appeared on Earth at the same time.

• The organisms are adapted to live in similar environments.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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By studying fossil records, scientists have concluded that the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker, and slower than modern horses. Which natural process is responsible for the evolutionary changes that have lead to increased size, strength, and speed in horses?

• inbreeding

• migration

• mutualism

• natural selection

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

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The diagram represents fossils found in sedimentary rock in one location. Which statement most likely explains what happened to the archaeopteryx as a result of the change in climate.

• It adapted and is still a surviving species.

• It is now an endangered species.

• It became extinct.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Which of the following is a key piece of evidence for human evolution?

• Ancient cave paintings

• Stone tools

• Fossilised human bones

• Old maps

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

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Which of the following correctly summarizes the physical changes that early humans went through over the past million years or so?

• Brain size increased as jaw size decreased

• Brain size decreased as jaw size increased

• Bipedalism increased as use of tools increased

• Bipedalism decreased as the use of tools increased

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

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Which of the following is NOT a unique trait that evolved in humans?

• Bipedalism

• A large cranium

• Canine Teeth

• Use of tools

Humans evolved from chimpanzees

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather share a common ancestor with them. Therefore, the statement is False.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which era does the following globe represent?

• cenozoic

• mesozoic

• paleozoic

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Trilobite fossils from different time periods show small changes in appearance. What might account for the changes?

• catastrophic geologic events

• weathering and erosion

• increase in greenhouse gases

• response to environmental changes

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

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