Icev Ecology

A glacier has moved, revealing bare rock with no soil present. Lichens begin growing on the rock. As they break the rock down, soil is made. Grass and flowering plants grow in this soil. Which species mentioned is the pioneer species?

• Soil

• Grasses

• Flowering plants

• Lichens

Answer explanation

This is an example of primary succession. In primary succession, the first species to grow is the pioneer species. In this case, lichens grew first, so they are the pioneer species. Lichen are able to grow in many places, making them a common pioneer species.

What is shown here?

• Biological productivity

• Baseflow contribution

• Groundwater recharge

• Water cycle

Answer explanation

The illustration shows water flowing down from the surface into an aquifer. This is how our groundwater becomes recharged.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What habitat would be found in the areas shown on this map?

• Tundra

• Grassland

• Deciduous forest

• Boreal forest

Answer explanation

Grasslands are found on all continents except for Antarctica. There are large areas of grassland in the western portion of the USA, in Australia, and in Africa.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?

• Producers

• Carnivores

• Herbivores

• Top Predator

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Match the following examples of species interaction with the correct definition.

• Predation

• Both species benefit

• Mutualism

• 
• Parasitism

• One species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed

• Commensalsim

• 
• Herbivory

• Primary consumers eating plants

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Match the following

• The portion of water that light CANNOT penetrate.

• Photic

• Bottom of a body of water.

• Aphotic

• The portion of water that the light can penetrate.

• Benthic

Match the species interactions to their descriptions.

• Competition

• Two organisms fight for the same limited resources

• Mutualism

• Both organisms benefit from one another

• Predation

• One organism captures and feeds upon another organism

• Parasistism

• One organism benefits from another, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed

• Commensalism

• One organism benefits, while the other is harmed

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

In the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?

• Producers

• Herbivores

• Carnivores

• Top Predator

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?

• 10 Kcal

• 1 Kcal

• 100 Kcal

• 1000 Kcal

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which organism recieves the least amount of energy from the producer?

• Owl

• Grasshopper

• Lilypad

• Mouse

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3