Chemistry Matter

Which statement best describes the atoms in a solid?

• They are held together by strong attractions.

• They slide past each other.

• They are located far apart.

• They spread to fill available space.

Which statement best describes the atoms in a gas?

• They vibrate in place.

• They stay in a fixed position.

• They are closely packed.

• They move freely in all directions.

The diagram shows changes of state between solid, liquid, and gas. The atoms of a substance gain energy during a change of state. Before the change, the atoms are close together and cannot slide past one another. After the change, the substance can fill its container.

Which arrow represents the change of state described above?

• L

• M

• N

• O

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

As atoms gain energy, they move faster and slide past one another more easily. Atoms at the surface of the substance overcome attractions to nearby atoms and break free of the surface.

Which change of state is taking place?

• liquid to gas

• gas to liquid

• liquid to solid

• solid to liquid

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The diagram shows changes of state between solid, liquid, and gas. The atoms of a substance lose energy during a change of state. Before the change, the atoms are close together but are able to slide past one another.

Which arrow represents the change of state described above?

• M

• N

• P

• Q

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Ella makes this table to organize her notes on whether atoms gain or lose energy during the changes of state.

Which changes of state should she place in the column titled "Lose Energy"?

• freezing, boiling, and melting

• melting, vaporization, and sublimation

• sublimation, deposition, and condensation

• freezing, deposition, and condensation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Mercury’s natural state is where the atoms are close to each other but are still free to pass by each other. In which state(s) could mercury naturally exist?

• gas

• liquid

• solid or liquid

• solid or gas

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Density involves the amount of a material in a certain volume. When a material changes phases, it changes in density in a predictable way as the amount of material stays the same but the molecules get farther apart or closer together. Water has solid and liquid states that do not follow these predictions of density in the phases of matter. What does that mean about the densities of the phases of water?

• The solid state is the most dense, followed by the liquid state, then the gas state.

• The solid state is more dense than the liquid state.

• The liquid state is more dense than the solid state.

• The gas state is the most dense, followed by the liquid state, then the solid state.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which statement best describes the atoms of the gas neon?

• They slide past each other.

• They move freely in all directions.

• They vibrate in place.

• They are packed closely together.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Density describes how much mass is contained in a certain volume. Knowing how far apart molecules are in each state, which best ranks solids, liquids, and gasses from least dense to most dense?

• Gasses are denser than liquids.

• Liquids are denser than solids.

• Gasses are less dense than solids.

• Solids are less dense than liquids.