Water Cycle and Freshwater

Evaporation and transpiration are two processes included in the water cycle. The energy source that drives these processes is

• the burning of fossil fuels.

• the Sun.

• convection within Earth's mantle.

• nuclear fission.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

The Sun heats the Earth's water. This warm water turns into a vapor, and rises into the atmosphere, where it cools off. What happens to this water vapor?

• The water vapor evaporates and escapes into space. New water is formed by precipitation.

• The water vapor only rises for a very short time, then settles back into the ocean unnoticed.

• The water vapor pushes clouds out of the way as it rises. This causes overcast conditions to clear.

• The water vapor condenses as it cools, then it forms clouds. It later returns to the Earth as precipitation.

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What do you call the process, after precipitation occurs, in which water flows downhill?

• surface runoff

• accumulation

• condensation

• transpiration

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Which of the following is an example of condensation in the water cycle?

• the formation of water vapor

• the formation of clouds

• the formation of icebergs

• the formation of ground water

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Humans, like all other organisms, need fresh water to survive. Of all the water found on Earth, how much of it is fresh water?

• about 3%

• less than 1%

• about 30%

• more than 70%

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How are evaporation and transpiration similar?

• Both processes occur immediately before precipitation in the water cycle.

• They are both processes in which liquid water is changed into water vapor.

• They both occur in the biosphere.

• They both process water in its solid state.

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Clouds are formed when water vapor

• rises and heats up.

• rises and cools down.

• falls and cools down.

• falls and heats up.

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What is the main source of groundwater?

• morning dew collecting on the surface of shrubs and grasses

• saltwater flowing into fault lines at the ocean floor

• precipitation seeping through pores and cracks in the ground

• precipitation falling into man-made wells

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Niko was hiking in the mountains when he found a spring, or a place where water naturally flows out of the ground. Where did the water in the spring come from?

• It is water that was squeezed out of an igneous rock when the rock changed.

• It is water that was produced by organisms living underground.

• It is precipitation that fell on the ground and seeped down to a layer of rock.

• It is water that condensed underground when the soil became colder during the winter.

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Rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, and hail are all examples of

• condensation.

• infiltration.

• evaporation.

• precipitation.

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