Living Environment Cellular Structures and Functions

Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement BEST describes how the structure of alveoli allows lungs to function properly?

• They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.

• They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inflation.

• They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.

• They increase the surface areas of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange.

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells contain a distinct central organelle, and eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

Life functions are performed at many levels of biological organization. Which level of biological organization is the simplest level at which a structure can support life functions?

• cell

• tissue

• organelle

• organ system

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Which statement best describes a difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

• The presence of both DNA and ribosomes in prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than eukaryotic cells

• The larger size of prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than eukaryotic cells

• The presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than prokaryotic cells

• The larger size of eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than prokaryotic cells

The smallest unit of life that is able to carry out all the functions of living things...

• subatomic particle

• organelle

• atom

• cell

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Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary?

• They have a cell membrane.

• They can change over time.

• They use energy to function.

• They have the ability to reproduce.

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Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• Ability to store hereditary information

• Use of organelles to control cell processes

• Use of cellular respiration for energy release

• Ability to move in response to environmental stimuli

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The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus?

• It assembles nucleic acids from monomers.

• It breaks down old, damaged macromolecules.

• It packages new protein molecules into vesicles.

• It determines which protein molecules to synthesize.

Which of the following is essential to proper functioning of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

• O₂

• CO₂

• ATP

• NaCl

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Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms?

• heat release

• gas exchange

• carbohydrate absorption

• osmotic pressure regulation

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