Unit 4 AP Biology Review

How are cyclins and CDKs involved with the cell cycle?

• Cyclins stop the cell cycle from proceeding

• Cyclins and CDKs make up a protein ring used to perform cytokinesis

• Cyclins activate CDKs, which perform the work of cell division

• CDKs are secreted from cells to trigger division in neighboring cells

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Which hormone is most directly related to osmoregulation?

• Insulin

• HGH

• ADH

• Adrenaline

What evidence is there that cell communication is a process that has evolved over billions of years?

• Only cells with a nucleus are able to communicate effectively

• The processes are very similar in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

• Eukaryotic cells have much more advanced signaling pathways

• Prokaryotic cells are much more efficient at communicating.

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Which of these is a common type of final response in a signal transduction pathway?

• Activation of a G-protein receptor

• Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence

• Formation of cAMP

• Phosphorylation cascade

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A person with an insulin deficiency would have trouble regulating what condition in their body?

• Blood calcium

• Blood pH

• Blood sugar

• Blood temperature

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Glucagon causes the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose for cells. What conditions would trigger the release of glucagon?

• High blood sugar

• Low blood pH

• High heart rate

• Low cellular ATP concentration

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What is a catabolic reaction?

• A reaction that requires an input of energy

• A reaction that forms complex molecules from simple building blocks

• A reaction that releases energy

• A reaction that breaks down complex molecules into their components

Why do hormones not affect every cell in the body when they are released?

• All cells are affected by a hormone when it is released

• A cell needs a specific receptor for the hormone to be affected

• A cell must have the proper ATP levels to activate a cellular response

• Cells need compatible DNA for the hormone to activate transcription of a gene

Secondary messengers that can activate or deactivate enzymes in a cell are typically part of which step of cell signaling?

• Reception

• Transduction

• Response

Which of these cellular components are most directly involved with density dependent inhibition in the cell cycle?

• Membrane proteins

• Spindle fibers

• Nucleus

• Centrioles

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