AP Biology Final Review

What determines the properties of the protein?

• Shape

• Size

• The product

• R-group

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following best explains why a cell’s plasma membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipids rather than just a single layer?

• Having two oppositely oriented layers of phospholipids allows only the hydrophilic heads to interact with water inside and outside of the cell.

• Having two oppositely oriented layers of phospholipids allows the hydrophilic heads to repel water both inside and outside of the cells.

• Having two identically oriented layers of phospholipids gives cells more protection from the exterior environment than just a single layer would.

• Having two identically oriented layers of phospholipids allows for the production of vacuoles while still maintaining a protective barrier.

According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have evolved through a symbiotic relationship originating when an early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed a prokaryotic cell. Which of the following does NOT represent a piece of evidence to support this theory?

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own protein synthesis machinery

• Mitochondrial and chloroplast chromosomes are surrounded by a single layer of membrane

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts can self-replicate

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

A student peeled the skins from grapes, exposing cells with membranes that are only permeable to water and small diffusible solutes. The student measured the mass of the peeled grapes. The student then placed each peeled grape into one of five solutions. After 24 hours, the student removed the peeled grapes from the solutions, measured their final mass, and calculated the percent change in mass (Table 1).  Which solutions are hypotonic to the bag?

• Grape Juice

• NaCl

• Grape Soda

• Tap Water

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

A student peeled the skins from grapes, exposing cells with membranes that are only permeable to water and small diffusible solutes. The student measured the mass of the peeled grapes. The student then placed each peeled grape into one of five solutions. After 24 hours, the student removed the peeled grapes from the solutions, measured their final mass, and calculated the percent change in mass (Table 1). Based on Table 1, which of the following best explains the difference in water potential between certain solutions and the grapes?

• Grape soda and NaCl have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to lose water.

• NaCl and tap water have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to gain water.

• Tap water and grape juice have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to lose water.

• Grape soda and grape juice have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to gain water.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Identify the components of the plasma membrane.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

Glycolipid

Cholesterol

Integral (transmembrane) Protein

Phospholipid Bilayer

Channel Protein

Glycoprotein

Peripheral Protein

The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?

• Glucose is transported into the cell by active transport.

• Na+ is transported into the cell by active transport.

• The movement of glucose through the membrane requires ATP hydrolysis.(energy)

• Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis (energy)

Which of the following describes the most likely location of cholesterol in an animal cell?

• Embedded in the plasma membrane

• Dissolved in the cytosol

• Suspended in the stroma of the chloroplast

• Bound to free ribosomes

Which of the following scientific questions is most relevant to the model represented in the figure below?

• Is ATP required for the transportation of sugars across the outer mitochondrial membrane?

• Which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane?

• Do the types of phospholipids in a membrane affect the rate at which molecules enter a cell by passive diffusion?

• How does temperature affect the movement of molecules into lysosomes?

Match the following information with the type of osmotic solution

Groups:

(a) Hypotonic

,

(b) Isotonic

,

(c) Hypertonic

• 
• animals - water will move inside and cell will burst and die

• animals - water moves out of cell, and cell gets dehydrated and dies

• plants - cells became plasmolyzed and dry up, and plant will most likely die

• water moves out of cell

• 
• plants - cell is turgid and cell will retains shape

• animals - water moves into and out fo the cell at equal rates, and cell will stay the same

• water moves into cell

• 
• no net movement of water

• plants - cell is no longer is turgid, and plants will begin to wilt

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3