AP Biology Final Review

Match the following information to the correct transport.

Groups:

(a) Active Transport

,

(b) Passive Transport

• pumps

• facilitated diffusion

• endocytosis

• phagocytosis

• exocytosis

• low to high concentrations

• little to no energy

• simple diffusion

• high to low concentrations

• requires ATP

• osmosis

• pinocytosis

In an experiment, the efficiency of oxygen exchange across the plasma membrane is being assessed in four artificial red blood cells. The table above lists some properties of those artificial cells. Other conditions being equal, reorder the following artificial cells from the most efficient in exchanging oxygen with the environment by diffusion to the least.

• Sphere

• Cube

• Cylinder

• Tetrahedron

This organelle comprises of ribosomal RNA and protein and synthesizes protein according to mRNA sequence.

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria

• Vacuole

• Ribosomes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

If a cell’s Ψ_P = 9.8 bars and its Ψ_S = -1.3 bars, what is the resulting Ψ?

Mathematical Equivalence

OFF

If a cell’s Ψ_P = 9 bars and its Ψ_S = -3 bars, what is the resulting Ψ?

Mathematical Equivalence

ON

c​ (a)   and​ (b)   are the two cellular organelles in eukaryotes that have both electron transport chains (​ (c)   ).

• chloroplasts

• mitochondria

• ETC

• ribosomes

• endoplasmic reticulum

• nucleus

• golgi bodies

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which of the following would best describe anabolism?

• This metabolic pathway is a constructive (building) pathway which means it needs ATP.

• This metabolic pathway is a degradative (breaks down) pathway which means it generates ATP.

• This metabolic pathway is a degradative (breaks down) pathway which means it needs ATP

• This metabolic pathway is constructive (building) pathway which means it generates ATP.

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes?

• To store genetic information

• To provide structural support for cells

• To facilitate energy coupling and power cellular processes

• To act as a catalyst for chemical reactions

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

A researcher proposes a model of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in which a reactant is converted to a product. The model is based on the idea that the reactant passes through a transition state within the enzyme-substrate complex before the reactant is converted to the product. Which of the following statements best helps explain how the enzyme speeds up the reaction?

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the reactant, which decreases the free-energy change of the reaction.

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the transition state, which decreases the activation energy of the reaction.

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes the product, which increases the amount of energy released by the reaction.

• The enzyme’s active site binds to and stabilizes both the reactant and the product at the same time, which increases the reaction’s equilibrium constant.

A researcher claims that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increased growth rates in plants.  Which of the following statements best supports the researcher’s claim?

• Atmospheric carbon dioxide is produced by the burning of fossil fuels, which are formed from the remains of living organisms such as plants.

• Atmospheric carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration, which is a metabolic process that occurs in plants and other living organisms.

• Atmospheric carbon dioxide typically enters plant leaves through stomata, which plants rely on for regulating gas exchange with the atmosphere.

• Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5